JCI Insight. 2021 Mar 22;6(6):146006. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.146006.
Since their relatively recent discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been shown to be tissue-resident lymphocytes that are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and pathogen response. However, ILC dysregulation contributes to a diverse spectrum of human diseases, spanning virtually every organ system. ILCs rapidly respond to environmental cues by altering their own phenotype and function as well as influencing the behavior of other local tissue-resident cells. With a growing understanding of ILC biology, investigators continue to elucidate mechanisms that expand our ability to phenotype, isolate, target, and expand ILCs ex vivo. With mounting preclinical data and clinical correlates, the role of ILCs in both disease pathogenesis and resolution is evident, justifying ILC manipulation for clinical benefit. This Review will highlight areas of ongoing translational research and critical questions for future study that will enable us to harness the full therapeutic potential of these captivating cells.
自它们最近被发现以来，先天淋巴细胞 (ILC) 已被证明是组织驻留淋巴细胞，是组织稳态、再生和病原体反应的关键介质。然而，ILC 的失调会导致各种人类疾病，几乎涉及每个器官系统。ILC 会通过改变自身表型和功能以及影响其他局部组织驻留细胞的行为来快速响应环境线索。随着对 ILC 生物学的认识不断加深，研究人员继续阐明机制，扩大我们表型分析、分离、靶向和体外扩增 ILC 的能力。随着越来越多的临床前数据和临床相关性，ILC 在疾病发病机制和消退中的作用显而易见，这证明了对 ILC 进行操纵以获得临床益处是合理的。本综述将重点介绍正在进行的转化研究领域和未来研究的关键问题，这些将使我们能够充分利用这些迷人细胞的治疗潜力。
