Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
SPECTRUM Consortium, London, UK.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Aug 18;23(9):1623-1628. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab039.
We examined differences in negative attitudes toward vaccines in general, and intentions to vaccinate against Covid-19 specifically, by smoking status in a large sample of adults in the UK.
Data were from 29 148 adults participating in the Covid-19 Social Study in September-October 2020. Linear regression analyses examined associations between smoking status (current/former/never) and four types of general negative vaccine attitudes: mistrust of vaccine benefit, worries about unforeseen effects, concerns about commercial profiteering, and preference for natural immunity. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between smoking status and uncertainty and unwillingness to be vaccinated for Covid-19. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics and diagnosed health conditions.
Relative to never and former smokers, current smokers reported significantly greater mistrust of vaccine benefit, were more worried about unforeseen future effects, had greater concerns about commercial profiteering, and had a stronger preference for natural immunity (Badjs 0.16-0.36, p < .001). Current smokers were more likely to be uncertain (27.6% vs. 22.7% of never smokers, RRadj 1.43 [95% confidence interval = 1.31-1.56]; vs. 19.3% of former smokers, RRadj 1.55 [1.41-1.73]) or unwilling (21.5% vs. 11.6% of never smokers, RRadj 2.12 [1.91-2.34]; vs. 14.7% of former smokers, RRadj 1.53 [1.37-1.71]) to receive a Covid-19 vaccine.
Current smokers hold more negative attitudes toward vaccines in general, and are more likely to be undecided or unwilling to vaccinate against Covid-19, compared with never and former smokers. With a disproportionately high number of smokers belonging to socially clustered and disadvantaged socioeconomic groups, lower vaccine uptake in this group could also exacerbate health inequalities.
These results suggest that without intervention, smokers will be less likely than nonsmokers to take up the offer of a Covid-19 vaccine when offered. Targeted policy action may be required to ensure that low uptake of Covid-19 vaccination programs does not compound health inequalities between smokers and nonsmokers.
我们在英国的一项大型成年人样本中，通过吸烟状况研究了对疫苗的一般负面态度以及对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的具体意图方面的差异。
数据来自 2020 年 9 月至 10 月参加 COVID-19 社会研究的 29148 名成年人。线性回归分析考察了吸烟状况（当前/以前/从不）与四种一般负面疫苗态度之间的关系：对疫苗效益的不信任，对未预见的影响的担忧，对商业利润的关注以及对自然免疫力的偏好。多项逻辑回归分析考察了吸烟状况与对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的不确定性和不愿意之间的关系。协变量包括社会人口统计学特征和已诊断的健康状况。
与从不吸烟者和以前吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者对疫苗效益的不信任度更高，对未来不可预见的影响更加担忧，对商业利润的关注更多，对自然免疫力的偏好更强（Badjs 0.16-0.36，p<.001）。当前吸烟者更有可能不确定（从不吸烟者的 27.6％比从不吸烟者的 22.7％，RRadj 1.43 [95％置信区间= 1.31-1.56]；比以前吸烟者的 19.3％，RRadj 1.55 [1.41-1.73]）或不愿意（从不吸烟者的 21.5％比从不吸烟者的 11.6％，RRadj 2.12 [1.91-2.34]；比以前吸烟者的 14.7％，RRadj 1.53 [1.37-1.71]）接受 COVID-19 疫苗。
与从不吸烟者和以前吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者对疫苗的总体负面态度更为强烈，并且更有可能对 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫不决或不愿意接种。由于大量吸烟者属于社会聚集和社会经济劣势群体，因此该群体的疫苗接种率较低也可能加剧健康不平等。
这些结果表明，如果不采取干预措施，吸烟者接种 COVID-19 疫苗的可能性将低于不吸烟者。可能需要采取有针对性的政策行动，以确保 COVID-19 疫苗接种计划的低吸收率不会使吸烟者和不吸烟者之间的健康不平等加剧。
