Murphy Mary M, Scrafford Carolyn G, Barraj Leila M, Bi Xiaoyu, Higgins Kelly A, Jaykus Lee-Ann, Tran Nga L
Exponent, Inc., Center for Chemical Regulation & Food Safety, Washington, DC, USA.
Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Jul 1;114(1):220-230. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab020.
Sodium intake in the USA exceeds recommendations. The replacement of added sodium chloride (NaCl) with potassium chloride (KCl) provides a potential strategy to reduce sodium intake.
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively estimate changes in intakes of sodium and potassium by the US population assuming use of potassium-based NaCl replacers in top dietary sodium sources.
Data collected in the What We Eat in America (WWEIA) component of the 2015-2016 and 2009-2010 NHANES were used to identify top-ranking sources of dietary sodium among the population aged 2 y and older based on contributions from food categories aligning with the FDA draft guidance for voluntary sodium reduction. Predicted nutrient intakes were estimated in models assuming total and feasible and practical (F&P) replacement of added NaCl with KCl in foods and ingredients within the top food sources of sodium. An expert elicitation was conducted to collect information on the F&P KCl replacement of added NaCl.
Using 2015-2016 consumption data, the total replacement of added NaCl with KCl in the 18 top-ranking sources of dietary sodium results in a predicted sodium intake of 2004 mg/d from the replacement of 1406 mg/d sodium with 1870 mg/d potassium as KCl. Modeled F&P replacement predicted sodium intakes of 3117 mg/d (range of 2953 to 3255 mg/d) from the replacement of 294 mg/d sodium (155 to 457 mg/d) with 390 mg/d potassium (206 to 608 mg/d). Similar results are seen with 2009-2010 data.
The F&P replacement of NaCl with KCl in top-ranking sources of dietary sodium modeled in this study can result in decreased sodium to a level consistent with the short-term intake goal targeted by the FDA of 3000 mg/d, with the mean potassium intake remaining in the range recommended for the apparently healthy population.
美国的钠摄入量超过了建议水平。用氯化钾（KCl）替代添加的氯化钠（NaCl）是一种减少钠摄入量的潜在策略。
本研究的目的是假设在主要膳食钠来源中使用钾基NaCl替代品，定量估计美国人群钠和钾摄入量的变化。
利用2015 - 2016年和2009 - 2010年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中“我们在美国吃什么”（WWEIA）部分收集的数据，根据与美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）自愿减少钠摄入的指导草案一致的食品类别贡献，确定2岁及以上人群膳食钠的主要来源。在模型中估计预测的营养素摄入量，假设在主要钠食物来源中的食品和成分中，添加的NaCl全部以及可行且实际（F&P）地被KCl替代。进行了专家咨询，以收集关于F&P用KCl替代添加的NaCl的信息。
使用2015 - 2016年的消费数据，在18种主要膳食钠来源中用KCl完全替代添加的NaCl，预计钠摄入量为2004毫克/天，这是通过用1870毫克/天的钾（以KCl形式）替代1406毫克/天的钠实现的。模型化的F&P替代预测，用390毫克/天的钾（206至608毫克/天）替代294毫克/天的钠（155至457毫克/天）后，钠摄入量为3117毫克/天（范围为2953至3255毫克/天）。2009 - 2010年的数据也有类似结果。
本研究中模拟的在主要膳食钠来源中F&P用KCl替代NaCl，可使钠摄入量降低到与FDA设定的3000毫克/天短期摄入目标一致的水平，同时平均钾摄入量保持在明显健康人群推荐的范围内。
