Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
J Med Entomol. 2021 Jul 16;58(4):1779-1787. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab036.
Flonicamid is a chordotonal modulator and novel systemic insecticide that has been used frequently for controlling a broad range of insect pests. The risk of flonicamid resistance was assessed through laboratory selection and determining inheritance pattern and cross-resistance potential to five insecticides in house fly, Musca domestica L. Very low to high flonicamid resistance in M. domestica populations was found compared with the susceptible strain (SS). A flonicamid-selected (Flonica-RS) M. domestica strain developed 57.73-fold resistance to flonicamid screened for 20 generations compared with the SS. Overlapping 95% fiducial limits of LC50 of the F1 and F1ǂ, and dominance values (0.87 for F1 and 0.92 for F1ǂ) revealed an autosomal and incomplete dominant flonicamid resistance. The monogenic model of resistance inheritance suggested a polygenic flonicamid resistance. The Flonica-RS strain displayed negative cross-resistance between flonicamid and sulfoxaflor (0.10-fold) or clothianidin (0.50-fold), and very low cross-resistance between flonicamid and flubendiamide (4.71-fold), spinetoram (4.68-fold), or thiamethoxam (2.02-fold) in comparison with the field population. The estimated realized heritability (h2) value of flonicamid resistance was 0.02. With selection mortality 40-90%, the generations required for a 10-fold increase in LC50 of flonicamid were 94-258 at h2 (0.02) and slope (3.29). Flonicamid resistance was inherited as autosomal, incomplete dominant, and polygenic in the Flonica-RS. Negative or very low cross-resistance between flonicamid and sulfoxaflor, clothianidin, flubendiamide, spinetoram, and thiamethoxam means that these insecticides can be used as alternatives for controlling M. domestica. These data can be useful in devising the management for M. domestica.
氟啶虫酰胺是一种触调杀虫剂，也是一种新型的系统性杀虫剂，广泛用于防治多种害虫。本研究通过室内筛选，测定了家蝇对 5 种杀虫剂的抗性风险、遗传模式和交互抗性潜力，评估了氟啶虫酰胺的抗性风险。与敏感品系（SS）相比，家蝇种群对氟啶虫酰胺表现出低到高的抗性。经过 20 代筛选，氟啶虫酰胺选择（Flonica-RS）家蝇种群对氟啶虫酰胺的抗性发展了 57.73 倍。F1 和 F1ǂ 的 LC50 重叠 95%置信区间和显性值（F1 为 0.87，F1ǂ 为 0.92）表明，氟啶虫酰胺的抗性是常染色体不完全显性遗传。抗性遗传的单基因模型表明，氟啶虫酰胺的抗性是多基因遗传的。与田间种群相比，Flonica-RS 品系对氟啶虫酰胺与唑虫酰胺（0.10 倍）或噻虫啉（0.50 倍）之间表现出负交互抗性，对氟啶虫酰胺与氟苯虫酰胺（4.71 倍）、螺虫乙酯（4.68 倍）或噻虫嗪（2.02 倍）之间表现出非常低的交互抗性。氟啶虫酰胺抗性的实际遗传力（h2）值估计为 0.02。在选择死亡率为 40-90%的情况下，氟啶虫酰胺 LC50 增加 10 倍所需的世代数在 h2（0.02）和斜率（3.29）下分别为 94-258。在家蝇 Flonica-RS 中，氟啶虫酰胺的抗性是常染色体不完全显性和多基因遗传的。氟啶虫酰胺与唑虫酰胺、噻虫啉、氟苯虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯和噻虫嗪之间的负交互抗性或非常低的交互抗性意味着这些杀虫剂可用于防治家蝇。这些数据可用于设计家蝇的管理方案。
