Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
J Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;151(6):1517-1526. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab034.
Certain fruits, such as strawberries, may impart cardiometabolic benefits due to their phytochemical content.
Study aims were to assess the effects of strawberry intake on cardiometabolic risk factors and vascular endothelial function in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
This study was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, 2-arm, 2-period (4-wk/period) crossover trial. Adults (n = 34; male/female 1:1; mean ± SEM age, 53 ± 1 y; BMI, 31 ± 1 kg/m2; LDL cholesterol, 133 ± 3 mg/dL) were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 study sequences in a 1:1 ratio. Participants drank study beverages twice daily containing freeze-dried strawberry powder (2 × 25 g) or energy-, volume-matched control powder for 4 wk separated by a 4-wk washout. The primary outcome variable was the difference in fasting LDL cholesterol after 4-wk interventions. Secondary outcomes were metabolic markers, inflammation, quantitative (poly)phenolic metabolomics, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and blood pressure (BP), with the latter (FMD, BP) also assessed acutely at 1 h and 2 h after a 50-g bolus strawberry or control beverage. Mixed-model analysis of repeated measures via PROC MIXED, PC-SAS was performed on primary and secondary outcome variables.
LDL cholesterol did not differ after the 4-wk interventions (P > 0.05), nor did fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, FMD, or BP (all P > 0.05). Significant intervention-by-hour interaction for FMD (P = 0.03) and BP (P = 0.05) revealed increased FMD at 1 h after strawberry compared with control by 1.5 ± 0.38% (P = 0.0008) and attenuated systolic BP at 2 h by 3.1 ± 0.99 mmHg (P = 0.02). Select phenolic metabolites increased significantly (P < 0.05) in blood following strawberry consumption while others decreased, including 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid-3-O-glucuronide, which was significantly correlated with increased FMD (P < 0.05).
Strawberries may improve vascular health, independent of other metabolic changes. The effect may be related to changes in microbial-derived phenolic metabolites after strawberry consumption influencing endothelial function. Data support inclusion of strawberries in a heart-healthy diet in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02612090.
某些水果，如草莓，可能因其植物化学物质含量而对心脏代谢有益。
本研究旨在评估草莓摄入对患有中度高胆固醇血症的成年人心脏代谢危险因素和血管内皮功能的影响。
这是一项随机、对照、双盲、2 臂、2 期（4 周/期）交叉试验。将 34 名成年人（男/女 1:1；平均±SEM 年龄 53±1 岁；BMI 31±1kg/m2；LDL 胆固醇 133±3mg/dL）随机分为 2 组，每组 17 人，比例为 1:1。参与者每天两次饮用含有冻干草莓粉（2×25g）的研究饮料或能量和体积匹配的对照粉，持续 4 周，然后间隔 4 周洗脱期。主要观察指标是 4 周干预后空腹 LDL 胆固醇的差异。次要观察指标为代谢标志物、炎症、定量（多）酚类代谢组学、血流介导的扩张（FMD）和血压（BP），后者（FMD、BP）也在饮用 50g 草莓或对照饮料后 1h 和 2h 时进行急性评估。采用 PC-SAS 中的 PROC MIXED 对主要和次要观察指标进行重复测量混合模型分析。
4 周干预后 LDL 胆固醇无差异（P>0.05），空腹总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血糖、胰岛素、高敏 C 反应蛋白、FMD 或血压均无差异（均 P>0.05）。FMD（P=0.03）和 BP（P=0.05）的显著干预-时间交互作用表明，与对照相比，草莓组在 1h 时 FMD 增加 1.5±0.38%（P=0.0008），在 2h 时收缩压降低 3.1±0.99mmHg（P=0.02）。草莓摄入后血液中一些酚类代谢物显著增加（P<0.05），而其他代谢物减少，包括 3-（4-甲氧基苯基）丙酸-3-O-葡糖苷酸，其与 FMD 的增加呈显著相关（P<0.05）。
草莓可能改善血管健康，而不影响其他代谢变化。这种作用可能与草莓摄入后微生物衍生的酚类代谢物变化影响内皮功能有关。数据支持在患有中度高胆固醇血症的成年人中，将草莓纳入心脏健康饮食。本试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT02612090。
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