Caicedo-Borrás Rocio, Díaz Adrián, Bertha Jennifer, Silva-Jaramillo Katherine M, Rivas Mariño Gabriela
FUNBBASIC.
PAHO/WHO.
Nutrition. 2021 Jul-Aug;87-88:111206. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111206. Epub 2021 Feb 14.
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (World Health Organization [WHO] Code) in Ecuador's two main cities, Quito and Guayaquil.
The WHO Net Code Protocol was applied. It examines compliance with the WHO Code by: (1) Interviews with health professionals and mothers of children <24 mo in randomly selected health facilities (HFs); (2) Surveillance of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) points of sale (POS); (3) Assessment of BMS labels; and (4) Mass media monitoring.
Most HFs were contacted by BMS company representatives. BMS promotional materials were found in one of every four HFs. Almost 50% of health personnel knew about the WHO Code. At least 48.5% of mothers received advice on feeding their children BMS. The varied advice came from several sources. Of POS, 68% failed to comply with the WHO Code in several ways (e.g., giving gifts, promotional packaging, and informational materials) and by reducing the price of BMS. More than half of the BMS labels contained texts or images that idealized their use. More than $1 million of BMS advertising expenses were identified in the media.
The fact that the WHO Code was violated many times in Quito and Guayaquil strengthens the need for regulatory mechanisms and for the promotion of breastfeeding by multiple sectors.
本研究旨在评估厄瓜多尔两个主要城市基多和瓜亚基尔违反《国际母乳代用品销售守则》（世界卫生组织[WHO]守则）的情况。
采用了WHO网络守则方案。通过以下方式检查对WHO守则的遵守情况：(1) 对随机选择的医疗机构（HFs）中24个月以下儿童的健康专业人员和母亲进行访谈；(2) 对母乳代用品（BMS）销售点（POS）进行监测；(3) 评估BMS标签；(4) 大众媒体监测。
BMS公司代表联系了大多数HFs。在每四个HFs中就有一个发现了BMS促销材料。近50%的卫生人员知晓WHO守则。至少48.5%的母亲收到了关于给孩子喂食BMS的建议。这些多样的建议来自多个来源。在POS中，68%在多个方面（如赠送礼品、促销包装和宣传材料）以及通过降低BMS价格而未遵守WHO守则。超过一半的BMS标签包含理想化其使用的文字或图像。在媒体上发现了超过100万美元的BMS广告费用。
基多和瓜亚基尔多次违反WHO守则这一事实强化了建立监管机制以及多部门促进母乳喂养的必要性。
