Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000, Nantes, France.
Mol Cancer. 2021 Mar 24;20(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12943-021-01346-2.
As a complement to the clinical development of new anticancer molecules, innovations in therapeutic vectorization aim at solving issues related to tumor specificity and associated toxicities. Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field that offers various solutions to increase clinical efficacy and safety. MAIN: Here are presented the recent advances for different types of nanovectors of chemical and biological nature, to identify the best suited for translational research projects. These nanovectors include different types of chemically engineered nanoparticles that now come in many different flavors of 'smart' drug delivery systems. Alternatives with enhanced biocompatibility and a better adaptability to new types of therapeutic molecules are the cell-derived extracellular vesicles and micro-organism-derived oncolytic viruses, virus-like particles and bacterial minicells. In the first part of the review, we describe their main physical, chemical and biological properties and their potential for personalized modifications. The second part focuses on presenting the recent literature on the use of the different families of nanovectors to deliver anticancer molecules for chemotherapy, radiotherapy, nucleic acid-based therapy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy.
This review will help the readers to better appreciate the complexity of available nanovectors and to identify the most fitting "type" for efficient and specific delivery of diverse anticancer therapies.
作为对新型抗癌分子临床开发的补充，治疗载体的创新旨在解决与肿瘤特异性和相关毒性相关的问题。纳米医学是一个快速发展的领域，提供了各种解决方案，以提高临床疗效和安全性。
本文介绍了不同类型的化学和生物性质的纳米载体的最新进展，以确定最适合转化研究项目的纳米载体。这些纳米载体包括不同类型的化学工程纳米粒子，现在有许多不同类型的“智能”药物输送系统。增强生物相容性和更好地适应新型治疗分子的替代品是细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡和微生物衍生的溶瘤病毒、病毒样颗粒和细菌小细胞。在综述的第一部分，我们描述了它们的主要物理、化学和生物学特性及其用于个性化修饰的潜力。第二部分重点介绍了最近关于使用不同家族的纳米载体将抗癌分子递送至化学疗法、放射疗法、基于核酸的疗法、肿瘤微环境调节和免疫疗法的文献。
本文综述将帮助读者更好地理解现有纳米载体的复杂性，并确定最适合有效和特异性递送电镜下观察报告及诊断的各种抗癌疗法的“类型”。
