Teixeira Laura M, Reis Catarina P, Pacheco Rita
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2025 May 13;23(5):207. doi: 10.3390/md23050207.
The ocean is an extraordinary natural source of a wide range of bioactive compounds. These compounds, including proteins, phenolics, polysaccharides, pigments, vitamins, and fatty acids, possess unique biological properties that are increasingly being explored in the field of nanotechnology across diverse sectors. Among marine-derived nanoparticles, promising applications have emerged in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, particularly metallic nanoparticles and polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems. This review provides a unique perspective on the integration of two research areas: the exploration of marine bioresources as bioactive compounds sources with nanotechnological methodologies to develop sustainable, safe, stable and functional marine-derived NPs. It highlights recent advancements in the green synthesis of MNPs and the formulation of drug delivery systems using marine polysaccharides. This review also describes the recent trends over the past ten years and discusses the major challenges and limitations associated with these approaches, including variability in biological sources, batch-to-batch inconsistency, mechanistic uncertainties, and difficulties in reproducibility and scalability. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for standardized protocols and the integration of life cycle assessments (LCA) to evaluate environmental and economic viability for effective translating marine-derives nanoparticles from research to clinical applications.
海洋是多种生物活性化合物的非凡天然来源。这些化合物包括蛋白质、酚类、多糖、色素、维生素和脂肪酸，具有独特的生物学特性，在纳米技术领域的各个不同部门正越来越多地得到探索。在海洋衍生的纳米颗粒中，在生物医学和制药领域已经出现了有前景的应用，特别是金属纳米颗粒和基于多糖的药物递送系统。本综述提供了关于两个研究领域整合的独特视角：将海洋生物资源作为生物活性化合物来源进行探索，并结合纳米技术方法来开发可持续、安全、稳定且功能化的海洋衍生纳米颗粒。它突出了磁性纳米颗粒绿色合成以及使用海洋多糖制备药物递送系统方面的最新进展。本综述还描述了过去十年的最新趋势，并讨论了与这些方法相关的主要挑战和限制，包括生物来源的变异性、批次间的不一致性、作用机制的不确定性以及可重复性和可扩展性方面的困难。此外，它强调了标准化方案的必要性以及生命周期评估（LCA）的整合，以评估将海洋衍生纳米颗粒从研究有效转化为临床应用的环境和经济可行性。
