Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz-Quebrada 1499-002, Portugal.
School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2022 Feb 14;127(3):451-469. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521001094. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
Adaptive thermogenesis (AT) has been proposed to be a compensatory response that may resist weight loss (WL) and promote weight regain. This systematic review examined the existence of AT in adults after a period of negative energy balance (EB) with or without a weight stabilisation phase. Studies published until 15 May 2020 were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included statistically significant WL, observational with follow-up or experimental studies, age > 18y, sample size ≥10 participants, intervention period ≥ 1week, published in English, objective measures of total daily energy expenditure (EE) (TDEE), resting EE (REE) and sleeping EE(SEE). The systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (2020 CRD42020165348). A total of thirty-three studies comprising 2528 participants were included. AT was observed in twenty-seven studies. Twenty-three studies showed significant values for AT for REE (82·8 %), four for TDEE (80·0 %) and two for SEE (100 %). A large heterogeneity in the methods used to quantify AT and between subjects and among studies regarding the magnitude of WL and/or of AT was reported. Well-designed studies reported lower or non-significant values for AT. These findings suggest that although WL may lead to AT in some of the EE components, these values may be small or non-statistically significant when higher-quality methodological designs are used. Furthermore, AT seems to be attenuated, or non-existent, after periods of weight stabilisation/neutral EB. More high-quality studies are warranted not only to disclose the existence of AT but also to understand its clinical implications on weight management outcomes.
适应性生热（AT）被认为是一种代偿性反应，可能会抵抗体重减轻（WL）并促进体重反弹。本系统评价检查了在没有或没有体重稳定阶段的情况下，成年人在经历一段时间的负能平衡（EB）后是否存在 AT。从 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、EMBASE、MEDLINE、SCOPUS 和 Web of Science 中确定了截至 2020 年 5 月 15 日发表的研究。纳入标准包括统计上显著的 WL、观察性随访或实验研究、年龄>18 岁、样本量≥10 名参与者、干预期≥1 周、用英文发表、总日常能量消耗（EE）（TDEE）、静息 EE（REE）和睡眠 EE（SEE）的客观测量。系统评价在 PROSPERO（2020 CRD42020165348）上进行了注册。共纳入 33 项研究，包括 2528 名参与者。在 27 项研究中观察到 AT。23 项研究显示 REE 的 AT 值显著（82.8%），4 项研究显示 TDEE 的 AT 值显著（80.0%），2 项研究显示 SEE 的 AT 值显著（100%）。报告了用于量化 AT 的方法以及研究对象之间和研究之间在 WL 和/或 AT 幅度方面存在很大的异质性。使用更高质量的方法学设计的研究报告的 AT 值较低或无统计学意义。这些发现表明，尽管 WL 可能导致某些 EE 成分的 AT，但当使用更高质量的方法学设计时，这些值可能较小或无统计学意义。此外，在体重稳定/中性 EB 期间，AT 似乎减弱或不存在。不仅需要更多高质量的研究来揭示 AT 的存在，还需要研究来了解其对体重管理结果的临床意义。
