Mahrer Nicole E, O'Hara Karey, Sandler Irwin N, Wolchik Sharlene A
University of California, Los Angeles.
Arizona State University.
J Divorce Remarriage. 2018;59(4):324-347. doi: 10.1080/10502556.2018.1454200. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
Despite a recent shift in the allocation of parenting time arrangements following divorce, there is no clear consensus regarding the effects of shared parenting on children's adjustment in high conflict families. We propose key questions and methodological options to increase the ability of results from well-designed empirical studies to inform practice and policy. We review eleven studies of the relations between parenting time and quality of parenting with children's adjustment in high conflict divorced families. Despite heterogeneity of the methods used across the studies some tentative conclusions can be made based on findings across multiple studies. Higher levels of shared parenting were related to poorer child adjustment in samples with high conflict many years following the divorce, but typically not in samples that assessed conflict during the divorcing process or in the two or three years following the divorce. There is also evidence that the effects of shared parenting on child adjustment in the presence of high conflict differs by gender, and that high quality of parenting by at least one parent is associated with better child adjustment in high conflict divorces. Implications for policy and practice are discussed as well as directions for research to strengthen the knowledge base to inform policy.
尽管离婚后育儿时间安排的分配最近有所变化，但对于共同养育对高冲突家庭中孩子适应情况的影响，目前尚无明确的共识。我们提出了关键问题和方法选项，以提高精心设计的实证研究结果为实践和政策提供信息的能力。我们回顾了11项关于育儿时间与育儿质量和高冲突离婚家庭中孩子适应情况之间关系的研究。尽管各项研究使用的方法存在异质性，但基于多项研究的结果仍可得出一些初步结论。在离婚多年后的高冲突样本中，较高水平的共同养育与较差的孩子适应情况相关，但在评估离婚过程中或离婚后的两到三年冲突情况的样本中通常并非如此。也有证据表明，在高冲突情况下，共同养育对孩子适应情况的影响因性别而异，并且至少有一位家长的高质量养育与高冲突离婚中孩子更好的适应情况相关。我们讨论了对政策和实践的影响以及加强知识基础以为政策提供信息的研究方向。
