Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
J Vis. 2021 Mar 1;21(3):21. doi: 10.1167/jov.21.3.21.
The focusing response of the human eye - accommodation - exhibits errors known as lags and leads. Lags occur when the stimulus is near and the eye appears to focus farther than the stimulus. Leads occur with far stimuli where the eye appears to focus nearer than the stimulus. We used objective and subjective measures simultaneously to determine where the eye is best focused. The objective measures were made with a wavefront sensor and an autorefractor, both of which analyze light reflected from the retina. These measures exhibited typical accommodative errors, mostly lags. The subjective measure was visual acuity, which of course depends not only on the eye's optics but also on photoreception and neural processing of the retinal image. The subjective measure revealed much smaller errors. Acuity was maximized at or very close to the distance of the accommodative stimulus. Thus, accommodation is accurate in terms of maximizing visual performance.
人眼的聚焦反应——调节——表现出滞后和超前的误差。当刺激物靠近时，眼睛似乎聚焦在比刺激物更远的地方，就会出现滞后现象。当刺激物在远处时，眼睛似乎聚焦在比刺激物更近的地方，就会出现超前现象。我们同时使用客观和主观的方法来确定眼睛的最佳聚焦位置。客观测量使用波前传感器和自动折射仪进行，这两种仪器都分析从视网膜反射的光。这些测量结果显示出典型的调节误差，主要是滞后。主观测量是视力，它不仅取决于眼睛的光学，还取决于视网膜图像的光感和神经处理。主观测量显示出的误差要小得多。在调节刺激物的距离或非常接近的距离处，视力达到最大值。因此，从最大限度提高视觉性能的角度来看，调节是准确的。
