Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Department of Radiology, P & A Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
J Adv Nurs. 2021 Aug;77(8):3286-3302. doi: 10.1111/jan.14839. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
To examine the nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
We followed the Cochrane criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for this systematic review and meta-analysis.
PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane COVID-19 registry, CINAHL and pre-print services (medRχiv and PsyArXiv) were searched from January 1 to November 15, 2020 and we removed duplicates.
We applied a random effect model to estimate pooled effects since the heterogeneity between results was very high.
Sixteen studies, including 18,935 nurses met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 34.1%, of depersonalization was 12.6% and of lack of personal accomplishment was 15.2%. The main risk factors that increased nurses' burnout were the following: younger age, decreased social support, low family and colleagues readiness to cope with COVID-19 outbreak, increased perceived threat of Covid-19, longer working time in quarantine areas, working in a high-risk environment, working in hospitals with inadequate and insufficient material and human resources, increased workload and lower level of specialized training regarding COVID-19.
Nurses experience high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, while several sociodemographic, social and occupational factors affect this burnout.
We found that burnout among nurses is a crucial issue during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an urgent need to prepare nurses to cope better with COVID-19 pandemic. Identification of risk factors for burnout could be a significant weapon giving nurses and health care systems the ability to response in a better way against the following COVID-19 waves in the near future.
调查 COVID-19 大流行期间护士的倦怠及其相关危险因素。
本系统评价和荟萃分析遵循 Cochrane 标准和系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南。
从 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 11 月 15 日，我们在 PubMed、Scopus、ProQuest、Cochrane COVID-19 注册中心、CINAHL 和预印本服务（medRχiv 和 PsyArXiv）上搜索了文献并排除了重复项。
由于结果之间的异质性非常高，我们应用随机效应模型来估计合并效应。
符合纳入标准的研究有 16 项，共纳入 18935 名护士。情感耗竭的总体患病率为 34.1%，去人格化的患病率为 12.6%，个人成就感降低的患病率为 15.2%。增加护士倦怠的主要危险因素包括：年龄较小、社会支持减少、家庭和同事应对 COVID-19 爆发的准备不足、对新冠病毒威胁的感知增加、在隔离区工作时间延长、在高危环境中工作、在资源不足和人力不足的医院工作、工作量增加以及针对 COVID-19 的专门培训水平较低。
护士在 COVID-19 大流行期间经历了高度的倦怠，而一些社会人口学、社会和职业因素会影响这种倦怠。
我们发现，倦怠是 COVID-19 大流行期间护士面临的一个关键问题。迫切需要为护士做好应对 COVID-19 大流行的准备。识别倦怠的危险因素可能是一个重要的手段，使护士和卫生保健系统有能力在不久的将来更好地应对未来的 COVID-19 浪潮。
