Wolff J, Neudecker C, Klug C, Weber R
Bundesforschungsanstalt für Getreide- und Kartoffelverarbeitung, Detmold.
Z Ernahrungswiss. 1988 Mar;27(1):1-22. doi: 10.1007/BF02021291.
During the bread-baking process, total alkaloid content is reduced by about 50%, the pharmacologically active alkaloids (the '-in' types) being reduced to a much greater extent than the less active type ('-inin' type). Using ergotamin and ergokryptin as a basis, total alkaloid levels were calculated from the HPLC data; these results were in a good agreement with the total alkaloid content calculated from 13 individual ergot alkaloids. The changes in the alkaloid spectrum caused by pelletin are shown. In feeding experiments with growing, pregnant, and lactating mice, diets with 0%, 1% and 2% unbaked (MM) or baked (MB) rye ergot were compared for possible toxic effects on reproduction, using animals fed ad libitum or pair-fed controls. A mean ingestion of 3.6 mg of alkaloids/kg body weight per day (MM 2%) was maternally toxic and caused inhibition of conception and implantation. Feeding with 1.3 or 1.6 mg of alkaloids/kg body weight per day (MM 1% and MB 2%) during pregnancy had no significant toxic effect on the embryo or fetus, but resulted in gestation time being prolonged to about 10 h. During lactation, an intake of 2.9 and 3.0 mg of alkaloids/kg body weight per day (MM 1% and MB 2%) led to a considerable reduction in growth (up to 50%) in the young mice compared to the control animals fed ad libitum. Both the determination of total ergot alkaloid content and the feeding experiment indicate that the bread-baking process causes a reduction and consequently a detoxification of ergot alkaloids of about 50%.
在面包烘焙过程中，总生物碱含量降低约50%，药理活性生物碱（“-in”型）的降低幅度远大于活性较低的类型（“-inin”型）。以麦角胺和麦角隐亭为基础，根据高效液相色谱数据计算总生物碱水平；这些结果与从13种单一麦角生物碱计算出的总生物碱含量高度吻合。展示了由麦角清蛋白引起的生物碱谱变化。在对生长中的、怀孕的和哺乳期的小鼠进行的喂养实验中，比较了含有0%、1%和2%未烘焙（MM）或烘焙（MB）黑麦麦角的日粮对繁殖可能产生的毒性作用，使用自由采食或配对喂养的对照动物。每天平均摄入3.6毫克生物碱/千克体重（MM 2%）对母体有毒性，会导致受孕和着床受到抑制。在怀孕期间每天摄入1.3或1.6毫克生物碱/千克体重（MM 1%和MB 2%）对胚胎或胎儿没有显著毒性作用，但会使妊娠期延长约10小时。在哺乳期，每天摄入2.9和3.0毫克生物碱/千克体重（MM 1%和MB 2%）会导致幼鼠的生长与自由采食的对照动物相比大幅降低（高达50%）。总麦角生物碱含量的测定和喂养实验均表明，面包烘焙过程会使麦角生物碱减少，从而实现约50%的解毒。
