De la Rosa Lucía, López-Román María Isabel, González Juan M, Zambrana Encarnación, Marcos-Prado Teresa, Ramírez-Parra Elena
Centro de Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Mar 9;12:617873. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.617873. eCollection 2021.
Common vetch ( L.) is a legume used for animal feed because of its high protein content and great capacity for nitrogen fixation, making this crop relevant in sustainable agriculture. The Spanish vetch collection, conserved at the Spanish Plant Genetic Resources Center (CRF), is one of the largest collections of this species worldwide, including landraces, wild relatives mainly collected in Spain, and commercial cultivars, but also accessions of international origin. The analysis of the genetic diversity of this material, whose genome has not been sequenced yet, and the assembly of a representative collection could play a pivotal role in conserving and exploiting these genetic resources in breeding programs mainly in those focused on consequences and demands of climate change. In this work, a set of 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) reference alleles for genetic diversity analysis of the CRF vetch collection has been developed, used for genotyping more than 545 common vetch accessions from all over the world and validated. All the tested markers were polymorphic for the analyzed accessions. Overall, at least 86 different loci were identified with 2-11 alleles per locus with an average of 6.1 alleles per locus. Also, the analyses of the generated SSR database support that most of these SSR markers are transferable across closely related species of genus. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that wild relatives have a higher genetic diversity than landraces. However, cultivars have similar diversity than landraces, indicating that genetic variability has been barely lost due to the breeding of this legume. Low differences of genetic variations between Spanish and non-Spanish accessions have been observed, suggesting a high degree of diversity within Spanish genotypes, which provide 95% of the total genetic variation, so we have focused our efforts on characterizing genotypes of Spanish origin that were further studied using storage protein profiles. Based on SSR, seed protein profiles, and agromorphological and passport data, a vetch core collection (VCC) containing 47 accessions of Spanish origin has been established. In this collection, the characterization has been expanded using ISSR markers, and it has been reevaluated with new agromorphological data, including drought tolerance characters. This VCC presents a minimum loss of genetic diversity concerning the total collection and constitutes an invaluable material that can be used in future breeding programs for direct use in a resilient agricultural system.
普通野豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）是一种豆科植物，因其蛋白质含量高和固氮能力强而被用作动物饲料，这使得这种作物在可持续农业中具有重要意义。保存在西班牙植物遗传资源中心（CRF）的西班牙野豌豆种质库是全球该物种最大的种质库之一，包括地方品种、主要在西班牙收集的野生近缘种和商业品种，还有国际来源的种质。对这种尚未进行基因组测序的材料的遗传多样性进行分析，以及构建一个代表性种质库，对于在主要针对气候变化的影响和需求的育种计划中保护和利用这些遗传资源可能起着关键作用。在这项工作中，开发了一组14个简单序列重复（SSR）参考等位基因，用于对CRF野豌豆种质库进行遗传多样性分析，并用于对来自世界各地的545多个普通野豌豆种质进行基因分型并验证。所有测试的标记对于所分析的种质都是多态性的。总体而言，共鉴定出至少86个不同的位点，每个位点有2 - 11个等位基因，平均每个位点有6.1个等位基因。此外，对生成的SSR数据库的分析表明，这些SSR标记中的大多数可在该属的近缘物种间转移。分子方差分析表明，野生近缘种的遗传多样性高于地方品种。然而，栽培品种的多样性与地方品种相似，这表明由于这种豆科植物的育种，遗传变异性几乎没有丧失。观察到西班牙种质和非西班牙种质之间的遗传变异差异较小，这表明西班牙基因型内具有高度的多样性，西班牙基因型提供了95%的总遗传变异，因此我们将工作重点放在对西班牙起源的基因型进行特征描述上，并利用贮藏蛋白谱对其进行进一步研究。基于SSR、种子蛋白谱以及农艺形态和护照数据，建立了一个包含47份西班牙起源种质的野豌豆核心种质库（VCC）。在这个种质库中，利用ISSR标记扩展了特征描述，并利用包括耐旱性特征在内的新的农艺形态数据对其进行了重新评估。这个VCC与总种质库相比遗传多样性损失最小，构成了一种宝贵的材料，可用于未来的育种计划，直接应用于适应力强的农业系统。
