Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2021 Jun;66(3):293-302. doi: 10.1007/s12223-021-00864-2. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
Biofilm formation (BF) and production in the food processing industry (FPI) is a continual threat to food safety and quality. Various bacterial pathogens possess the ability to adhere and produce biofilms on stainless steel (SS) in the FPI due to flagella, curli, pili, fimbrial adhesins, extra polymeric substances, and surface proteins. The facilitating environmental conditions (temperature, pressure, variations in climatic conditions), SS properties (surface energy, hydrophobicity, surface roughness, topography), type of raw food materials, pre-processing, and processing conditions play a significant role in the enhancement of bacterial adhesion and favorable condition for BF. Furthermore, biofilm formers can tolerate different sanitizers and cleaning agents due to the constituents, concentration, contact time, bacterial cluster distribution, and composition of bacteria within the biofilm. Also, bacterial biofilms' ability to produce various endotoxins and exotoxins when consumed cause food infections and intoxications with serious health implications. It is thus crucial to understand BF's repercussions and develop effective interventions against these phenomena that make persistent pathogens difficult to remove in the food processing environment.
生物膜的形成（BF）和食品加工行业（FPI）的生产是食品安全和质量的持续威胁。由于鞭毛、卷曲、菌毛、菌毛黏附素、胞外聚合物和表面蛋白，各种细菌病原体都有能力在 FPI 中的不锈钢（SS）上附着和产生生物膜。促进环境条件（温度、压力、气候条件变化）、SS 特性（表面能、疏水性、表面粗糙度、形貌）、原料的类型、预处理和加工条件在增强细菌黏附和形成 BF 的有利条件方面起着重要作用。此外，由于生物膜中的成分、浓度、接触时间、细菌簇分布和细菌组成，生物膜形成菌可以耐受不同的消毒剂和清洁剂。此外，当食用时，细菌生物膜产生各种内毒素和外毒素的能力会导致食物感染和中毒，对健康造成严重影响。因此，了解 BF 的影响并开发针对这些现象的有效干预措施是至关重要的，这些现象使得持续性病原体在食品加工环境中难以去除。
