Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS (Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health), 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS (Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health), 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Aug 5;415:125632. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125632. Epub 2021 Mar 11.
Plastic pollution is a major issue worldwide, generating massive amounts of smaller plastic particles, including microplastics (MPs). Their ubiquitous nature in the environment but also in foodstuff and consumer packaged goods has revealed potential threats to humans who can be contaminated mainly through air, food and water consumption. In this review, the current literature on human exposure to MPs is summarized with a focus on the gastrointestinal tract as portal of entry. Then, we discuss the vector effect of MPs, in their pristine versus weathered forms, with well-known contaminants as heavy metals and chemicals, or more emerging ones as antibiotics or microbial pathogens, like Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Comprehensive knowledge on MP fate in the gastrointestinal tract and their potential impact on gut homeostasis disruption, including gut microbiota, mucus and epithelial barrier, is reported in vitro and in vivo in mammals. Special emphasis is given on the crucial need of developing robust in vitro gut models to adequately simulate human digestive physiology and absorption processes. Finally, this review points out future research directions on MPs in human intestinal health.
塑料污染是一个全球性的主要问题，产生了大量较小的塑料颗粒，包括微塑料（MPs）。它们在环境中无处不在，甚至在食品和消费包装商品中也有存在，这揭示了人类可能面临的潜在威胁，主要通过空气、食物和水的摄入而受到污染。在这篇综述中，总结了目前关于人类暴露于 MPs 的文献，重点关注胃肠道作为进入门户。然后，我们讨论了 MPs 的载体效应，包括其原始形式和风化形式，以及众所周知的污染物如重金属和化学物质，或更新兴的污染物如抗生素或微生物病原体，如假单胞菌属、弧菌属、弯曲菌属和大肠杆菌。在哺乳动物中，体外和体内都报道了 MPs 在胃肠道中的命运及其对肠道内稳态破坏的潜在影响的综合知识，包括肠道微生物群、黏液和上皮屏障。特别强调需要开发强大的体外肠道模型，以充分模拟人类的消化生理和吸收过程。最后，这篇综述指出了未来关于人类肠道健康中 MPs 的研究方向。
