Department of Economics, Faculty of Management & Social Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Baluchistan, 90150, Pakistan.
Faculty of Business Administration, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(30):40824-40834. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12990-y. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Concerns over the observed rising trend towards carbon emissions and the resulting adverse effects of climate change on human activities are the main challenges facing human beings. This study examines household sector's non-renewables and biomass energy consumption magnitude and how much carbon is emitted from non-renewable and biomass energy in Pakistan by using the PSLM 2018-2019 survey. In addition, using STIRPAT model, this study investigates the effect of income, household size, and clean energy on non-renewables and biomass energy choices of the household sector. The results show that 77% of households rely on the consumption of biomass energy. An average household uses firewood at the largest magnitude of 142.06 kg month and kerosene usage at the smallest magnitude of 4.08 kg month among non-renewables and biomass energy choices. The largest contributor to carbon on average is dang cake and its magnitude of carbon emissions is 0.87 tons household year followed by coal with a magnitude of 0.76 tons household year. LPG is the lowest contributor to carbon and its carbon emission magnitude is 0.04 tons household year. The income impact finding indicates that LPG, kerosene, firewood, and dang cake are necessities, whereas coal is an inferior commodity. The coefficient of household size indicates that large household uses firewood and dang cake, and small one uses LPG and kerosene. As such, households prefer to reduce non-renewable and biomass consumption by increasing clean energy. Therefore, the study suggests that to reduce non-renewable and biomass energy consumption and follow clean energy provision at household level without compromising on environmental quality. The rise in household income and reducing household size could also be a valid policy option for reducing the non-renewable and biomass energy consumption.
对观测到的碳排放上升趋势以及气候变化对人类活动的不利影响的担忧是人类面临的主要挑战。本研究利用 PSLM 2018-2019 调查，考察了家庭部门的不可再生能源和生物质能源消费规模，以及巴基斯坦不可再生能源和生物质能源排放了多少碳。此外，本研究利用 STIRPAT 模型，考察了收入、家庭规模和清洁能源对家庭部门选择不可再生能源和生物质能源的影响。结果表明，77%的家庭依赖生物质能源消费。一个普通家庭在不可再生能源和生物质能源选择中，最大程度地使用薪柴，每月用量为 142.06 公斤，最小程度地使用煤油，每月用量为 4.08 公斤。平均而言，对碳的最大贡献者是糖饼，其碳排放量为 0.87 吨/户/年，其次是煤，其碳排放量为 0.76 吨/户/年。液化石油气的碳排放量最低，为 0.04 吨/户/年。收入影响的发现表明，液化石油气、煤油、薪柴和糖饼是必需品，而煤是劣等商品。家庭规模系数表明，大家庭使用薪柴和糖饼，小家庭使用液化石油气和煤油。因此，家庭倾向于通过增加清洁能源来减少不可再生能源和生物质能源的消耗。因此，本研究建议，为了减少家庭层面的不可再生能源和生物质能源消耗，并在不影响环境质量的情况下提供清洁能源，应减少不可再生能源和生物质能源的消耗。家庭收入的增加和家庭规模的缩小也可能是减少不可再生能源和生物质能源消耗的有效政策选择。
