Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Chem Senses. 2021 Jan 1;46. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjab012.
Commercially available smell tests are primarily used in research or in-depth clinical evaluations and are too costly and time-consuming for population surveillance in health emergencies like COVID-19. To address this need, we developed the SCENTinel 1.0 test, which rapidly evaluates 3 olfactory functions: detection, intensity, and identification. We tested whether self-administering the SCENTinel 1.0 test discriminates between individuals with self-reported smell loss and those with average smell ability (normosmic individuals) and provides performance comparable to the validated and standardized NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test in normosmic individuals. Using Bayesian linear models and prognostic classification algorithms, we compared the SCENTinel 1.0 performance of a group of self-reported anosmic individuals (N = 111, 47 ± 13 years old, F = 71%) and normosmic individuals (N = 154, 47 ± 14 years old, F = 74%) as well as individuals reporting other smell disorders (such as hyposmia or parosmia; N = 42, 55 ± 10 years old, F = 67%). Ninety-four percent of normosmic individuals met our SCENTinel 1.0 accuracy criteria compared with only 10% of anosmic individuals and 64% of individuals with other smell disorders. Overall performance on SCENTinel 1.0 predicted belonging to the normosmic group better than identification or detection alone (vs. anosmic: AUC = 0.95, specificity = 0.94). Odor intensity provided the best single-feature predictor to classify normosmic individuals. Among normosmic individuals, 92% met the accuracy criteria at both SCENTinel 1.0 and the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test. SCENTinel 1.0 is a practical test able to discriminate individuals with smell loss and will likely be useful in many clinical situations, including COVID-19 symptom screening.
市售的嗅觉测试主要用于研究或深入的临床评估，对于像 COVID-19 这样的卫生紧急情况中的人群监测来说，成本太高且耗时。为满足这一需求，我们开发了 SCENTinel 1.0 测试，它可以快速评估 3 种嗅觉功能：察觉、强度和识别。我们测试了自我管理的 SCENTinel 1.0 测试是否可以区分自我报告嗅觉丧失的个体和嗅觉正常的个体（嗅觉正常的个体），并提供与经验证和标准化的 NIH 工具包嗅觉识别测试在嗅觉正常的个体中的性能相当的结果。使用贝叶斯线性模型和预测分类算法，我们比较了一组自我报告的嗅觉丧失个体（N = 111，47 ± 13 岁，F = 71%）和嗅觉正常的个体（N = 154，47 ± 14 岁，F = 74%）以及报告其他嗅觉障碍的个体（如嗅觉减退或嗅觉异常；N = 42，55 ± 10 岁，F = 67%）的 SCENTinel 1.0 性能。与嗅觉丧失个体（94%）相比，94%的嗅觉正常个体符合我们的 SCENTinel 1.0 准确性标准，而嗅觉正常个体（10%）和其他嗅觉障碍个体（64%）。SCENTinel 1.0 的整体性能优于单独的识别或察觉，预测属于嗅觉正常组（与嗅觉丧失个体相比：AUC = 0.95，特异性 = 0.94）。气味强度是分类嗅觉正常个体的最佳单一特征预测因子。在嗅觉正常的个体中，92%的个体在 SCENTinel 1.0 和 NIH 工具包嗅觉识别测试中都符合准确性标准。SCENTinel 1.0 是一种实用的测试，可以区分嗅觉丧失的个体，在许多临床情况下可能会很有用，包括 COVID-19 症状筛查。
