Zideman David A, Singletary Eunice M, Borra Vere, Cassan Pascal, Cimpoesu Carmen D, De Buck Emmy, Djärv Therese, Handley Anthony J, Klaassen Barry, Meyran Daniel, Oliver Emily, Poole Kurtis
Thames Valley Air Ambulance, Stokenchurch, UK.
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, USA.
Resuscitation. 2021 Apr;161:270-290. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.013. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
The European Resuscitation Council has produced these first aid guidelines, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics include the first aid management of emergency medicine and trauma. For medical emergencies the following content is covered: recovery position, optimal positioning for shock, bronchodilator administration for asthma, recognition of stroke, early aspirin for chest pain, second dose of adrenaline for anaphylaxis, management of hypoglycaemia, oral rehydration solutions for treating exertion-related dehydration, management of heat stroke by cooling, supplemental oxygen in acute stroke, and presyncope. For trauma related emergencies the following topics are covered: control of life-threatening bleeding, management of open chest wounds, cervical spine motion restriction and stabilisation, recognition of concussion, cooling of thermal burns, dental avulsion, compression wrap for closed extremity joint injuries, straightening an angulated fracture, and eye injury from chemical exposure.
欧洲复苏委员会制定了这些急救指南，其依据的是《2020年心肺复苏科学与治疗建议国际共识》。主题包括急诊医学和创伤的急救管理。对于医疗紧急情况，涵盖以下内容：复苏体位、休克的最佳体位、哮喘的支气管扩张剂给药、中风的识别、胸痛的早期阿司匹林治疗、过敏反应的第二剂肾上腺素、低血糖的管理、治疗运动相关脱水的口服补液溶液、中暑的降温管理、急性中风的补充氧气以及晕厥前期。对于创伤相关紧急情况，涵盖以下主题：危及生命出血的控制、开放性胸部伤口的管理、颈椎活动限制与固定、脑震荡的识别、热烧伤的降温、牙齿脱臼、闭合性四肢关节损伤的加压包扎、成角骨折的复位以及化学物质暴露导致的眼损伤。
