Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Dermatology. 2022;238(1):53-59. doi: 10.1159/000514815. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae atypical pneumonia is frequently associated with erythema multiforme. Occasionally, a mycoplasma infection does not trigger any cutaneous but exclusively mucosal lesions. The term mucosal respiratory syndrome is employed to denote the latter condition. Available reviews do not address the possible association of mucosal respiratory syndrome with further atypical bacterial pathogens such as Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, or Legionella species. We therefore performed a systematic review of the literature addressing this issue in the National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science databases.
We found 63 patients (≤18 years, n = 36; >18 years, n = 27; 54 males and 9 females) affected by a mucosal respiratory syndrome. Fifty-three cases were temporally associated with a M. pneumoniae and 5 with a C. pneumoniae infection. No cases temporally associated with C. psittaci, C. burnetii, F. tularensis, or Legionella species infection were found. Two cases were temporally associated with Epstein-Barr virus or influenzavirus B, respectively.
肺炎支原体非典型性肺炎常与多形性红斑相关。偶尔，支原体感染不会引发任何皮肤病变，而只会引发黏膜病变。后者被称为黏膜呼吸综合征。现有的综述并未涉及黏膜呼吸综合征与其他非典型细菌病原体（如肺炎衣原体、鹦鹉热衣原体、伯氏考克斯体、土拉弗朗西斯菌或军团菌属）之间可能存在的关联。因此，我们在国家医学图书馆、荷兰医学文摘和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了系统的文献回顾，以解决这一问题。
我们共发现 63 例（≤18 岁，n=36；>18 岁，n=27；54 名男性和 9 名女性）患有黏膜呼吸综合征的患者。53 例与肺炎支原体感染相关，5 例与肺炎衣原体感染相关。未发现与鹦鹉热衣原体、伯氏考克斯体、土拉弗朗西斯菌或军团菌属感染相关的病例。2 例分别与 EBV 或流感病毒 B 相关。
