Hohman Melinda, McMaster Fiona, Woodruff Susan I
School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA.
24645 Kings Pointe, Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 USA.
Clin Soc Work J. 2021;49(4):419-428. doi: 10.1007/s10615-021-00802-2. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
One method in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 is that of contact tracing. It is estimated that in the US, 35,000-100,000 contact tracers will be hired (and trained) to talk to recently-infected individuals, understand who they have exposed to the virus, and encourage those exposed to self-quarantine. The Center for Disease Control recommends the use of motivational interviewing (MI) by contact tracers to encourage compliance with contact tracing/quarantine. Contact tracers need to sensitively communicate with COVID-19-exposed individuals who may also be experiencing other issues caused by the pandemic, such as anxiety, depression, grief, anger, intimate partner violence, health problems, food insecurity, and/or unemployment. Social workers are particularly prepared to address the mental health and other psychosocial problems that may be encountered in the tracing process. This article describes contact tracing, its use in other diseases, the role of MI, psychosocial issues that contact tracers may encounter, and how social work can respond to these needs. A sample dialogue of contact tracing using MI is presented with a discussion of the content and skills used in the process.
减轻新冠疫情影响的一种方法是接触者追踪。据估计，美国将雇佣（并培训）35000至100000名接触者追踪员，与近期感染的个体交谈，了解他们接触过哪些病毒感染者，并鼓励这些接触者进行自我隔离。疾病控制中心建议接触者追踪员采用动机性访谈（MI）来鼓励人们遵守接触者追踪/隔离要求。接触者追踪员需要与可能也正经历疫情引发的其他问题（如焦虑、抑郁、悲伤、愤怒、亲密伴侣暴力、健康问题、粮食不安全和/或失业）的新冠病毒接触者进行敏感沟通。社会工作者尤其有能力解决追踪过程中可能遇到的心理健康和其他心理社会问题。本文介绍了接触者追踪、其在其他疾病中的应用、动机性访谈的作用、接触者追踪员可能遇到的心理社会问题，以及社会工作如何满足这些需求。文中呈现了一段使用动机性访谈进行接触者追踪的示例对话，并讨论了该过程中使用的内容和技巧。
