El-Maghraby Mamdouh M, Mahmoud Ahmed E
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Vet World. 2021 Feb;14(2):314-318. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.314-318. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Zinc has a wide spectrum of biological activities and its deficiency has been related to various dysfunctions. This study aimed to clarify the clinical, hematological, and biochemical changes in Holstein dairy calves with naturally occurring hypozincemia before and after treatment.
This study was carried out on 25 Holstein dairy calves <1 month of age in the El-Salhya Dairy Farm, Al-Sharqiya Province, Egypt. Calves were born from apparent healthy dams without any clinical signs of zinc deficiency. They were divided into two groups. The first group (G1) included five clinically healthy calves that were used as controls. The second group (G2) included 20 calves suffering from alopecia and skin lesions. The diseased calves were then treated by oral administration of zinc oxide at the rate of 80 mg/day for 10 successive days and then 20 mg/week for 2 weeks (G3). A total of 90 samples, whole blood and serum samples were collected during the study across all groups. Whole blood was evaluated for complete blood count and serum was used to estimate total protein, albumin, globulin, zinc, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase.
The diseased calves had macrocytic normochromic anemia. Total leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were significantly reduced in the diseased calves than in the control and treated groups. Biochemical analysis of serum revealed a highly significant decrease in the globulin, zinc, and calcium concentrations in the diseased calves than in the control and treated groups. ALP activity was significantly lower in the diseased and treated calves than in control. There were no differences in any other parameters between the groups.
Zinc deficiency naturally occurring in calves caused clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations such as alopecia, skin abnormalities, and macrocytic normochromic anemia. In addition, zinc deficiency altered the cell-mediated immunity as indicated by leukopenia and lymphopenia. These alterations were improved by oral administration of zinc oxide.
锌具有广泛的生物学活性，其缺乏与多种功能障碍有关。本研究旨在阐明自然发生低锌血症的荷斯坦奶牛犊在治疗前后的临床、血液学和生化变化。
本研究在埃及东部省埃尔-萨尔希亚奶牛场对25头年龄小于1个月的荷斯坦奶牛犊进行。犊牛出生于外表健康的母牛，无任何锌缺乏的临床症状。它们被分为两组。第一组（G1）包括5头临床健康的犊牛作为对照。第二组（G2）包括20头患有脱发和皮肤病变的犊牛。然后对患病犊牛口服氧化锌进行治疗，剂量为每天80毫克，连续10天，然后每周20毫克，持续2周（G3）。在研究期间，共收集了所有组别的90份样本，包括全血和血清样本。对全血进行全血细胞计数评估，血清用于估计总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、锌、钙、镁、磷以及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和天冬氨酸转氨酶的活性。
患病犊牛患有大细胞正色素性贫血。与对照组和治疗组相比，患病犊牛的总白细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞显著减少。血清生化分析显示，与对照组和治疗组相比，患病犊牛的球蛋白、锌和钙浓度显著降低。患病犊牛和治疗犊牛的ALP活性显著低于对照组。各组之间在任何其他参数上均无差异。
犊牛自然发生的锌缺乏会导致临床、血液学和生化改变，如脱发、皮肤异常和大细胞正色素性贫血。此外，锌缺乏会改变细胞介导的免疫，表现为白细胞减少和淋巴细胞减少。口服氧化锌可改善这些改变。
