Wati Richa Kusuma, de Graaf Esmée F, Bogarín Diego, Heijungs Reinout, van Vugt Rogier, Smets Erik F, Gravendeel Barbara
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Endless Forms Group, Leiden, Netherlands.
Center for Plant Conservation, Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bogor, Indonesia.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Mar 12;11:586345. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586345. eCollection 2020.
Necklace orchids (Coelogyninae, Epidendroideae) have been used in traditional medicine practices for centuries. Previous studies on a subset of unrelated orchid species utilized in these traditional practices revealed they possessed antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activity, providing experimental proof for their medicinal properties. To date however none of these species have been investigated ethno-botanically in a phylogenetic context. This study carried out comparative bioprospecting for a group of wild orchids using EBDCS (the Economic Botany Data Collection Standards) organ targeted and biological response methods. The traditional medicinal use of necklace orchids was recorded from books and journals published between 1984 and 2016. Two orchids, and , were selected, cultivated both indoors and outdoors, and the antimicrobial properties on extracts from their leaves and pseudobulbs tested against a selection of human pathogens. A molecular phylogeny of Coelogyninae based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid DNA sequences obtained from 148 species was reconstructed with Maximum Likelihood (ML) using RAxML, Maximum Parsimony (MP) using PAUP and Bayesian Inference using MrBayes. Bioprospecting comparison of EBDCS and biological response was carried out using customized R scripts. Ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of inhibited growth of , , and confirming the antimicrobial properties of these extracts. Leaf extracts were found to have slightly stronger antimicrobial properties for plants cultivated outdoors than indoors. These differences were not found to be statistically significant though. Three hot nodes with high potency for antimicrobial activities were detected with the EBDCS organ targeted classification method, and eight hot nodes were detected with the biological response classification method. The biological response classification method is thus a more effective tool in finding hot nodes amongst clades of species with high medicinal potential.
项链兰（Coelogyninae，树兰亚科）在传统医学实践中已被使用了几个世纪。此前对这些传统实践中使用的一组不相关兰花物种的研究表明，它们具有抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化活性，为其药用特性提供了实验证据。然而，迄今为止，这些物种中没有一个在系统发育背景下进行过民族植物学研究。本研究使用EBDCS（经济植物学数据收集标准）器官靶向和生物反应方法，对一组野生兰花进行了比较生物勘探。从1984年至2016年出版的书籍和期刊中记录了项链兰的传统药用用途。选择了两种兰花，并在室内和室外进行栽培，测试了它们叶子和假鳞茎提取物对一系列人类病原体的抗菌特性。基于从148个物种获得的核糖体ITS和质体DNA序列，使用RAxML通过最大似然法（ML）、使用PAUP通过最大简约法（MP）以及使用MrBayes通过贝叶斯推断法重建了Coelogyninae的分子系统发育。使用定制的R脚本进行了EBDCS和生物反应的生物勘探比较。从[某种兰花]叶子中获得的乙醇提取物抑制了[某些病原体]的生长，证实了这些提取物的抗菌特性。发现叶子提取物对室外栽培的植物的抗菌特性略强于室内栽培的植物。不过，这些差异在统计学上并不显著。使用EBDCS器官靶向分类方法检测到三个具有高效抗菌活性的热点节点，使用生物反应分类方法检测到八个热点节点。因此，生物反应分类方法是在具有高药用潜力的物种分支中寻找热点节点的更有效工具。
