Ullán Ana M, Belver Manuel H
Department of Social Psychology, 16779University of Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Sculpture and Art Education, 16734Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
HERD. 2021 Oct;14(4):339-367. doi: 10.1177/19375867211003494. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
The purpose of this work was to review scientific publications related to the use of visual arts in pediatric hospitals.
Visual arts, particularly painting, have historically played an important role in the design and atmosphere of healthcare spaces, especially hospitals.
From 2000 to 2019, 79 publications located in relevant databases and manual searches were identified and analyzed.
Sixty of these publications include empirical studies and 19 theoretical models, comments, or reflections on the use of art in children's hospitals. Their analysis allows us to differentiate four groups of works: (a) "environmental" includes works whose purpose is to know how visual artistic interventions in the hospital can affect the people who see them, mainly pediatric patients, families, and health workers; (b) "participatory" includes studies aimed at knowing the effect of developing visual arts activities in the hospital; (c) "exploratory" includes works whose purpose was to know more about the children's perspective using their artistic expressions; and (d) "diagnostic" includes those that use children's drawings as a tool to diagnose diverse processes related to the pediatric patients' experience.
Taken together, the works we analyzed in our study support the use of visual arts in hospitals as a resource to enhance the well-being of children and families and their experience in the hospital. We indicate two particularly relevant aspects in this sense: the importance of the visual arts in improving the symbolic quality of hospitalization settings and the communication processes that occur in these environments.
本研究旨在回顾与视觉艺术在儿童医院中的应用相关的科学出版物。
从历史上看，视觉艺术，尤其是绘画，在医疗空间，特别是医院的设计和氛围营造中发挥了重要作用。
通过在相关数据库中检索以及手动搜索，我们识别并分析了2000年至2019年间的79篇出版物。
其中60篇出版物包含实证研究，19篇为关于儿童医院艺术应用的理论模型、评论或思考。对这些文献的分析使我们能够区分出四类作品：（a）“环境类”包括旨在了解医院视觉艺术干预如何影响观看者（主要是儿科患者、家属和医护人员）的作品；（b）“参与类”包括旨在了解在医院开展视觉艺术活动效果的研究；（c）“探索类”包括旨在通过儿童的艺术表达更多了解儿童视角的作品；（d）“诊断类”包括将儿童绘画用作诊断与儿科患者体验相关各种过程的工具的作品。
总体而言，我们在研究中分析的作品支持在医院使用视觉艺术作为提升儿童及其家庭幸福感以及他们在医院体验的一种资源。在这方面，我们指出两个特别相关的方面：视觉艺术在提升住院环境的象征品质以及这些环境中发生的交流过程方面的重要性。
