Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Subcell Biochem. 2021;97:393-410. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_15.
As living organisms constantly need energy to maintain and perform cellular functions, metabolism plays a vital role in producing the required energy to execute these processes. Hence, various metabolic pathways are highly regulated and disruption in critical pathways can result in the onset of multiple disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidaemia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanosized vesicles that are known to be secreted by various cell types into their respective extracellular environment. EVs have been implicated in cell-to-cell communication via mediating cellular signaling and can functionally impact recipient cells with the transport of bioactive proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and cellular metabolites. Recently, several studies have highlighted the role of EVs in metabolism. Alterations in the plasma derived EV concentration and their cargo in patients with metabolic disorders have been reported by multiple studies, further proposing EVs as a potential source of disease biomarkers. The following chapter will discuss the functional significance of EVs in metabolic diseases and the processes by which EVs act as cellular messengers to reprogram the metabolic machinery in recipient cells.
由于生物体不断需要能量来维持和执行细胞功能，因此代谢在产生执行这些过程所需的能量方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，各种代谢途径受到高度调节，关键途径的中断可能导致多种疾病的发生，如高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症和血脂异常。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一种由各种细胞分泌到其相应细胞外环境中的膜结合纳米大小的囊泡。EVs 通过介导细胞信号在细胞间通讯中起作用，并通过运输生物活性蛋白、核酸、脂质和细胞代谢物来影响受体细胞的功能。最近，几项研究强调了 EV 在代谢中的作用。多项研究报道了代谢紊乱患者血浆衍生 EV 浓度及其货物的改变，进一步提出 EV 作为疾病生物标志物的潜在来源。以下章节将讨论 EV 在代谢性疾病中的功能意义，以及 EV 作为细胞信使作用以重新编程受体细胞代谢机制的过程。
