Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2021;266:281-300. doi: 10.1007/164_2021_445.
Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells (NSCs), which are cells that have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The process is essential for homeostatic tissue regeneration and the coordination of neural plasticity throughout life, as neurons cannot regenerate once injured. Therefore, defects in neurogenesis are related to the onset and exacerbation of several neuropsychiatric disorders, and therefore, the regulation of neurogenesis is considered to be a novel strategy for treatment. Neurogenesis is regulated not only by NSCs themselves, but also by the functional microenvironment surrounding the NSCs, known as the "neurogenic niche." The neurogenic niche consists of several types of neural cells, including neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells. To allow communication with these cells, transporters may be involved in the secretion and uptake of substrates that are essential for signal transduction. This chapter will focus on the involvement of polyspecific solute carriers transporting organic cations in the possible regulation of neurogenesis by controlling the concentration of several organic cation substrates in NSCs and the neurogenic niche. The potential therapeutic implications of neurogenesis regulation by these transporters will also be discussed.
神经发生是指新神经元从神经干细胞（NSCs）中产生的过程，NSCs 是具有增殖和分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞能力的细胞。这个过程对于维持组织内稳态和协调一生中的神经可塑性至关重要，因为神经元一旦受损就无法再生。因此，神经发生的缺陷与几种神经精神疾病的发作和恶化有关，因此，神经发生的调节被认为是一种新的治疗策略。神经发生不仅受 NSCs 自身的调节，还受 NSCs 周围功能性微环境的调节，即“神经发生龛”。神经发生龛由几种类型的神经细胞组成，包括神经元、神经胶质细胞和血管细胞。为了与这些细胞进行通信，转运体可能参与了对信号转导至关重要的底物的分泌和摄取。本章将重点介绍多特异性溶质载体转运有机阳离子在通过控制 NSCs 和神经发生龛中几种有机阳离子底物的浓度来调节神经发生中的作用。还将讨论这些转运体调节神经发生的潜在治疗意义。
