Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2021 Jul;83(5):2229-2240. doi: 10.3758/s13414-021-02298-x. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
Recent work by McAuley et al. (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82, 3222-3233, 2020) using the Coordinate Response Measure (CRM) paradigm with a multitalker background revealed that altering the natural rhythm of target speech amidst background speech worsens target recognition (a target-rhythm effect), while altering background speech rhythm improves target recognition (a background-rhythm effect). Here, we used a single-talker background to examine the role of specific properties of target and background sound patterns on selective listening without the complexity of multiple background stimuli. Experiment 1 manipulated the sex of the background talker, presented with a male target talker, to assess target and background-rhythm effects with and without a strong pitch cue to aid perceptual segregation. Experiment 2 used a vocoded single-talker background to examine target and background-rhythm effects with envelope-based speech rhythms preserved, but without semantic content or temporal fine structure. While a target-rhythm effect was present with all backgrounds, the background-rhythm effect was only observed for the same-sex background condition. Results provide additional support for a selective entrainment hypothesis, while also showing that the background-rhythm effect is not driven by envelope-based speech rhythm alone, and may be reduced or eliminated when pitch or other acoustic differences provide a strong basis for selective listening.
麦考利等人最近的研究（注意力、感知和心理物理学，82，3222-3233，2020）使用协调响应测量（CRM）范式和多说话人背景，揭示了在背景语音中改变目标语音的自然节奏会降低目标识别（目标节奏效应），而改变背景语音节奏会提高目标识别（背景节奏效应）。在这里，我们使用单说话人背景来研究目标和背景声音模式的特定属性在没有多个背景刺激复杂性的情况下对选择性倾听的作用。实验 1 操纵了背景说话者的性别，当有男性目标说话者时，评估目标和背景节奏效应，同时提供强烈的音高线索以帮助感知分离。实验 2 使用语音编码单说话人背景来检查基于包络的语音节奏保留的目标和背景节奏效应，但没有语义内容或时间精细结构。虽然存在目标节奏效应，但只有在同性背景条件下才观察到背景节奏效应。结果为选择性顺应假说提供了额外的支持，同时也表明背景节奏效应不是由基于包络的语音节奏单独驱动的，并且当音高或其他声学差异为选择性倾听提供了坚实的基础时，该效应可能会降低或消除。
