Simonovic Slobodan P, Kundzewicz Zbigniew W, Wright Nigel
Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction, The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada.
Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan Poland.
WIREs Water. 2021 Mar-Apr;8(2):e1509. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1509. Epub 2021 Jan 10.
The coincidence of floods and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a genuine multihazard problem. Since the beginning of 2020, many regions around the World have been experiencing this double hazard of serious flooding and the pandemic. There have been 70 countries with flood events occurring after detection of the country's first COVID-19 case and hundreds of thousands of people have been evacuated. The main objective of this article is to assess challenges that arise from complex intersections between the threat multipliers and to provide guidance on how to address them effectively. We consider the limitations of our knowledge including "unknown unknowns." During emergency evacuation, practicing social distancing can be very difficult. However, people are going to take action to respond to rising waters, even if it means breaking quarantine. This is an emergency manager's nightmare scenario: two potentially serious emergencies happening at once. During this unprecedented year (2020), we are experiencing one of the most challenging flood seasons we have seen in a while. Practical examples of issues and guides for managing floods and COVID-19 are presented. We feel that a new approach is needed in dealing with multiple hazards. Our main messages are: a resilience approach is needed whether in response to floods or a pandemic; preparation is vital, in addition to defense; the responsible actors must be prepared with actions plans and command structure, while the general population must be involved in the discussions so that they are aware of the risk and the reasons for the actions they must take. This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Methods.
洪水与2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）同时出现是一个实实在在的多重灾害问题。自2020年初以来，世界上许多地区都在经历严重洪水和疫情这一双重灾害。在70个国家，自该国首例COVID-19病例被检测出后发生了洪水事件，数十万人已被疏散。本文的主要目的是评估威胁乘数之间复杂交叉点所产生的挑战，并就如何有效应对这些挑战提供指导。我们考虑到我们知识的局限性，包括“未知的未知”。在紧急疏散期间，保持社交距离可能非常困难。然而，人们会采取行动应对水位上升，即使这意味着违反隔离规定。这是应急管理人员的噩梦场景：两个潜在的严重紧急情况同时发生。在这个前所未有的年份（2020年），我们正在经历一段时期以来最具挑战性的洪水季节之一。本文介绍了管理洪水和COVID-19的问题实例及指南。我们认为应对多重灾害需要一种新方法。我们的主要信息是：无论是应对洪水还是疫情，都需要一种复原力方法；除了防御之外，做好准备至关重要；责任行为体必须制定行动计划和指挥结构，同时普通民众必须参与讨论，以便他们了解风险以及他们必须采取行动的原因。本文分类如下：工程水>方法。
