Açucena Vieira Alves Saionara, Weller Mathias
Post Graduate Program in Public Health, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle). 2020 Jun 2;1(1):150-158. doi: 10.1089/whr.2019.0026. eCollection 2020.
Previous studies suggest that education and income affect Brazilian women's breast cancer prevention behavior. The present study focused on the impact of perceived and estimated risk on mammography screening (MS) behavior. Information regarding socioeconomic variables and risk perception was obtained from 396 healthy women aged 40-79 years. Perceived comparative risk was measured on a seven-point Likert scale. A Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool of 5-year risk to develop breast cancer was used to determine objective risk. Estimated comparative risk was determined as categories of perceived risk relative to the objective risk. Regression analysis was applied to determine odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (95% CIs) of variables. Asked about the potential of MS to lower risk of death because of breast cancer, 215 (54.29%) responded that it does not lower risk. Women with low perceived comparative risk had a twofold (OR = 0.493; 95% CI: 0.24-1.00) decreased chance to participate in MS annually, compared with women with high-perceived comparative risk ( = 0.020). Women without family history had a 7.6-fold (OR = 0.132; 95% CI: 0.07-0.25) decreased chance of having a high-perceived comparative risk ( = 0.000). If compared with underestimation, the overestimation and accurate estimation of comparative risk tended to be associated with a decreased chance of MS attendance ( = 0.017). Regression modeling indicated that low educational level, no occupation, and no family history decreased the chance of women having MS ( = 0.040; = 0.010; = 0.022). Risk perception depended on family history. Present data did not indicate that overestimation, or accurate estimation of comparative risk, increased chance of MS attendance. Educational level, occupation status, and family history, instead, determined MS performance.
先前的研究表明，教育和收入会影响巴西女性的乳腺癌预防行为。本研究聚焦于感知风险和估计风险对乳房X线筛查（MS）行为的影响。从396名年龄在40 - 79岁的健康女性中获取了社会经济变量和风险感知方面的信息。感知比较风险通过七点李克特量表进行测量。使用乳腺癌风险评估工具来确定患乳腺癌的5年风险，以确定客观风险。估计比较风险被确定为相对于客观风险的感知风险类别。应用回归分析来确定变量的比值比（OR）和置信区间（95%CI）。当被问及MS降低因乳腺癌死亡风险的可能性时，215名（54.29%）受访者表示它不会降低风险。与高感知比较风险（= 0.020）的女性相比，低感知比较风险的女性每年参与MS的机会降低了两倍（OR = 0.493；95%CI：0.24 - 1.00）。无家族病史的女性具有高感知比较风险的可能性降低了7.6倍（OR = 0.132；95%CI：0.07 - 0.25）（= 0.000）。与低估相比，比较风险的高估和准确估计往往与MS参与机会的降低相关（= 0.017）。回归模型表明，低教育水平、无职业和无家族病史会降低女性进行MS的可能性（= 0.040；= 0.010；= 0.022）。风险感知取决于家族病史。目前的数据并未表明比较风险的高估或准确估计会增加MS参与的机会。相反，教育水平、职业状况和家族病史决定了MS的执行情况。
