Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Vic, AUSTRALIA.
School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, AUSTRALIA.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2021 Apr 1;20(4):199-217. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000831.
Weight-category sports are defined by the requirement of a weigh-in before competition to provide performance equity and reduced injury risks by eliminating size discrepancies. Athletes in these sports try to gain a theoretical advantage by competing in weight divisions that are lower than their day-to-day body mass (BM), using a combination of chronic strategies (body-fat losses) and acute manipulations over a period of hours to days before weigh-in ("making weight"). Strategies to support safer practices include minimal competition weight classification based on preseason body composition, reductions in the period between weigh-in and competition, and prohibition of unhealthy weight loss techniques. At an individual level, expert guidance by a sports nutrition professional can help an athlete to establish a pragmatic and long-term approach to BM management, recognizing the nuances of their sport, to achieve favorable outcomes for both health and performance.
体重类别运动是通过在比赛前进行称重来定义的，这可以通过消除体型差异来提供表现公平和降低受伤风险。这些运动的运动员试图通过参加比他们日常体重（BM）低的体重级别来获得理论优势，他们使用慢性策略（体脂减少）和在称重前数小时到数天内的急性操作相结合来达到这一目的（“减重”）。支持更安全实践的策略包括基于赛前身体成分的最小竞争体重分类、减少称重和比赛之间的时间间隔，以及禁止使用不健康的减肥技术。在个人层面上，由运动营养专业人员提供的专家指导可以帮助运动员建立一种务实的、长期的 BM 管理方法，认识到他们运动的细微差别，以实现健康和表现的双赢。
