Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Flint, MI, USA.
UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Health Expect. 2021 Jun;24(3):744-756. doi: 10.1111/hex.13237. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Stakeholder and community engagement promotes collaboration and gives service users an opportunity to actively participate in the care they receive. Recognizing this potential, The Network for Improving Quality of Care for maternal, newborn and child health aimed to identify tools and operational guidance to integrate stakeholder and community engagement into quality improvement (QI) implementation.
A mapping, consisting of a literature review and an open call through email and listservers, for implementation tools was conducted. Materials were included if they provided guidance on stakeholder and community engagement aligned to the Network's QI framework comprising seven phases. Screening of tools was done by two reviewers.
The literature search and the call for tools returned 197 documents with 70 tools included after screening. Most included tools (70%) were published after 2010. International organizations were the most frequently cited authors of tools. Only 15 tools covered all seven phases of the QI framework; few tools covered the more 'technical' phase of the QI framework: adapting standards and refining strategies.
The quantity of tools and their varied characteristics including types of stakeholder and community engagement processes across the QI framework confirms that engagement cannot be captured in a 'one-size-fits-all' formula. Many tools were designed with a generic focus to allow for adaption and use in different settings and sectors. Country programmes looking to strengthen engagement approaches can take advantage of available tools through an online portal on the WHO website and adapt them to meet their specific needs and context.
Programme implementers provided tools and resources during data collection.
利益相关者和社区参与促进了合作，并使服务使用者有机会积极参与他们所接受的护理。认识到这一潜力，改善母婴和儿童健康护理质量网络旨在确定工具和操作指南，将利益相关者和社区参与纳入质量改进（QI）实施中。
通过电子邮件和列表服务器进行了一项映射，包括文献综述和公开呼吁，以寻找实施工具。如果这些工具提供了与网络的QI 框架（包括七个阶段）一致的利益相关者和社区参与指导，则将其纳入。由两名评审员对工具进行筛选。
文献检索和工具征集共返回了 197 份文件，筛选后纳入了 70 份工具。大多数纳入的工具（70%）是在 2010 年后出版的。国际组织是工具最常被引用的作者。只有 15 个工具涵盖了 QI 框架的所有七个阶段；很少有工具涵盖了 QI 框架的更“技术性”阶段：适应标准和完善策略。
工具的数量及其不同特点，包括 QI 框架中利益相关者和社区参与过程的类型，证实了参与不能用“一刀切”的公式来概括。许多工具的设计具有通用重点，允许在不同的环境和部门中进行调整和使用。希望加强参与方法的国家方案可以通过世卫组织网站上的在线门户利用现有工具，并根据其特定需求和背景进行调整。
方案执行者在数据收集过程中提供了工具和资源。
