Molino Silvia, Lerma-Aguilera Alberto, Jiménez-Hernández Nuria, Gosalbes María José, Rufián-Henares José Ángel, Francino M Pilar
Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
Area de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Mar 16;12:625782. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625782. eCollection 2021.
Food and food bioactive components are major drivers of modulation of the human gut microbiota. Tannin extracts consist of a mix of bioactive compounds, which are already exploited in the food industry for their chemical and sensorial properties. The aim of our study was to explore the viability of associations between tannin wood extracts of different origin and food as gut microbiota modulators. 16S rRNA amplicon next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to test the effects on the gut microbiota of tannin extracts from quebracho, chestnut, and tara associated with commercial food products with different composition in macronutrients. The different tannin-enriched and non-enriched foods were submitted to digestion and fermentation by the gut microbiota of healthy subjects. The profile of the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the microbiota was also investigated. The presence of tannin extracts in food promoted an increase of the relative abundance of the genus , recognized as a marker of a healthy gut, and of various members of the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, involved in SCFA production. The enrichment of foods with tannin extracts had a booster effect on the production of SCFAs, without altering the profile given by the foods alone. These preliminary results suggest a positive modulation of the gut microbiota with potential benefits for human health through the enrichment of foods with tannin extracts.
食物和食物中的生物活性成分是调节人类肠道微生物群的主要驱动因素。单宁提取物由多种生物活性化合物组成，因其化学和感官特性已在食品工业中得到应用。我们研究的目的是探索不同来源的单宁木提取物与作为肠道微生物群调节剂的食物之间联合应用的可行性。采用16S rRNA扩增子下一代测序（NGS）技术，测试了与不同常量营养素组成的商业食品相关的白坚木、栗子和塔拉单宁提取物对肠道微生物群的影响。将不同的富含单宁和未富含单宁的食物交由健康受试者的肠道微生物群进行消化和发酵。还研究了微生物群产生的短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的概况。食物中单宁提取物的存在促进了被认为是健康肠道标志物的属以及参与SCFA产生的毛螺菌科和瘤胃球菌科各成员相对丰度的增加。用单宁提取物强化食物对SCFA的产生有促进作用，且不会改变食物本身产生的SCFA概况。这些初步结果表明，通过用单宁提取物强化食物，对肠道微生物群有积极调节作用，可能对人类健康有益。
