Department of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
Institute of Educational Science, Educational Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 14;18(6):2966. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062966.
(1) Background: A large body of research has examined the positive effects of physical activity on physical and mental health. However, for some, excessive exercise can develop into an addiction that is detrimental to their health. In the present study, we examine potential personal (self-control, self-concordance) and social (social support) resources that we assume to be related to exercise dependence. (2) Methods: One hundred and forty athletes from different endurance sports participated in an online survey. Exercise dependence, self-control, self-concordance, and social support were assessed using questionnaires that are well-established in health and sport psychology. Additionally, further sport-relevant and demographic variables were assessed. (3) Results: Correlational analyses supported our hypotheses that exercise dependence is negatively correlated with the personal resources trait, state self-control, and self-concordance. Social support, however, was not significantly correlated with exercise dependence. Furthermore, the results of a mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between both personal traits (self-control, self-concordance) and exercise dependence was mediated by state self-control. (4) Conclusions: Our results indicate that trait self-control and self-concordance might be important personal resources that protect against exercise dependence by making state self-control available.
(1) 背景：大量研究已经检验了体育锻炼对身心健康的积极影响。然而，对于某些人来说，过度的运动可能会发展成一种对健康有害的成瘾。在本研究中，我们研究了一些潜在的个人（自我控制、自我协调）和社会（社会支持）资源，我们假设这些资源与运动依赖有关。
(2) 方法：140 名来自不同耐力运动的运动员参与了一项在线调查。使用在健康和运动心理学中得到广泛应用的问卷评估运动依赖、自我控制、自我协调和社会支持。此外，还评估了其他与运动相关的人口统计学变量。
(3) 结果：相关分析支持了我们的假设，即运动依赖与个人特质（状态自我控制和自我协调）呈负相关。然而，社会支持与运动依赖之间没有显著相关性。此外，中介分析的结果表明，这两个个人特质（自我控制、自我协调）与运动依赖之间的关系是由状态自我控制介导的。
(4) 结论：我们的结果表明，特质自我控制和自我协调可能是重要的个人资源，通过提供状态自我控制来预防运动依赖。
