Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Institute of Statistics and Demography, Collegium of Economic Analysis, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, 02-513 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 14;18(6):2967. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062967.
The objective of this study was to determine whether the severity of depressive symptoms was linked to healthy behaviors in Polish postmenopausal women and whether the strength of the link differed between women living in urban versus rural settings. The study was conducted in 2018 in the Lublin region of Poland and included 396 postmenopausal women (239 living in rural areas and 157 in urban areas). The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the frequency of healthy behaviors was assessed using the Inventory of Healthy Behaviors. Postmenopausal women living in rural areas underwent menopause significantly earlier, were more often widowed, more often obese, more often less educated, and less likely to have never married when compared to those living in urban areas. Importantly, rural postmenopausal women endorsed more depressive symptoms ( = 0.049). There was a negative correlation between the severity of depressive symptoms and age in urban postmenopausal women (r = -0.174, = 0.029), but this was not evident in rural women (r = -0.034, = 0.600). The frequency of healthy behaviors was significantly lower in rural postmenopausal women, especially with respect to nutritional habits. A positive correlation was found between the frequency of healthy behaviors and the level of education in both sets of women ( = 0.034 and = 0.045, respectively). To summarize, we found a significant link between healthy behaviors and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. We also found that this link was more evident in rural than in urban women.
本研究旨在确定抑郁症状的严重程度是否与波兰绝经后女性的健康行为有关，以及这种联系在居住在城市和农村环境中的女性之间是否存在差异。该研究于 2018 年在波兰卢布林地区进行，共纳入 396 名绝经后女性（239 名居住在农村，157 名居住在城市）。抑郁症状的严重程度通过贝克抑郁量表（BDI）进行评估，健康行为的频率通过健康行为量表进行评估。与居住在城市的女性相比，居住在农村的女性绝经更早，丧偶的比例更高，肥胖的比例更高，受教育程度更低，从未结婚的比例更低。重要的是，农村绝经后女性的抑郁症状更严重（ = 0.049）。城市绝经后女性的抑郁症状严重程度与年龄呈负相关（r = -0.174， = 0.029），但农村女性则没有这种相关性（r = -0.034， = 0.600）。农村绝经后女性的健康行为频率明显较低，尤其是在营养习惯方面。在两组女性中，健康行为频率与教育水平呈正相关（ = 0.034 和 = 0.045）。总之，我们发现绝经后女性的健康行为与抑郁症状之间存在显著关联。我们还发现，这种关联在农村女性中比在城市女性中更为明显。
