Stenina Irina A, Yaroslavtsev Andrey B
Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Membranes (Basel). 2021 Mar 11;11(3):198. doi: 10.3390/membranes11030198.
Membrane technologies are widely demanded in a number of modern industries. Ion-exchange membranes are one of the most widespread and demanded types of membranes. Their main task is the selective transfer of certain ions and prevention of transfer of other ions or molecules, and the most important characteristics are ionic conductivity and selectivity of transfer processes. Both parameters are determined by ionic and molecular mobility in membranes. To study this mobility, the main techniques used are nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy. In this comprehensive review, mechanisms of transfer processes in various ion-exchange membranes, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and hybrid ones, are discussed. Correlations of structures of ion-exchange membranes and their hydration with ion transport mechanisms are also reviewed. The features of proton transfer, which plays a decisive role in the membrane used in fuel cells and electrolyzers, are highlighted. These devices largely determine development of hydrogen energy in the modern world. The features of ion transfer in heterogeneous and hybrid membranes with inorganic nanoparticles are also discussed.
膜技术在许多现代工业中有着广泛的需求。离子交换膜是应用最为广泛且需求较大的膜类型之一。它们的主要任务是选择性地传输某些离子，并阻止其他离子或分子的传输，而最重要的特性是离子传导率和传输过程的选择性。这两个参数都由膜中离子和分子的迁移率决定。为了研究这种迁移率，主要使用的技术是核磁共振和阻抗谱。在这篇综合综述中，讨论了各种离子交换膜（包括均质膜、非均质膜和混合膜）中的传输过程机制。还综述了离子交换膜的结构及其水合作用与离子传输机制的相关性。突出了质子转移的特点，质子转移在燃料电池和电解槽中使用的膜中起着决定性作用。这些装置在很大程度上决定了现代世界氢能的发展。还讨论了含有无机纳米颗粒的非均质膜和混合膜中离子转移的特点。
