Pickova Darina, Ostry Vladimir, Malir Frantisek
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Center for Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Palackeho 3a, CZ-61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Mar 3;13(3):186. doi: 10.3390/toxins13030186.
Aflatoxins (AFs) are some of the most agriculturally important and harmful mycotoxins. At least 20 AFs have been identified to this date. Aflatoxin B (AFB), the most potent fungal toxin, can cause toxicity in many species, including humans. AFs are produced by 22 species of section , 4 species of section and 2 species section . The most important and well-known AF-producing species of section are , , and . AFs contaminate a wide range of crops (mainly groundnuts, pistachio nuts, dried figs, hazelnuts, spices, almonds, rice, melon seeds, Brazil nuts, and maize). Foods of animal origin (milk and animal tissues) are less likely contributors to human AF exposure. Despite the efforts to mitigate the AF concentrations in foods, and thus enhance food safety, AFs continue to be present, even at high levels. AFs thus remain a current and continuously pressing problem in the world.
黄曲霉毒素（AFs）是一些在农业领域极为重要且有害的霉菌毒素。截至目前，已鉴定出至少20种黄曲霉毒素。黄曲霉毒素B（AFB）是最具毒性的真菌毒素，可在包括人类在内的许多物种中引发毒性。黄曲霉毒素由曲霉属的22个种、青霉属的4个种和毛霉属的2个种产生。曲霉属中最重要且最知名的产黄曲霉毒素的物种是黄曲霉、寄生曲霉和集峰曲霉。黄曲霉毒素污染多种农作物（主要是花生、开心果、干无花果、榛子、香料、杏仁、大米、瓜子、巴西坚果和玉米）。动物源性食品（牛奶和动物组织）导致人类接触黄曲霉毒素的可能性较小。尽管人们努力降低食品中的黄曲霉毒素浓度，从而提高食品安全，但黄曲霉毒素仍会存在，甚至含量很高。因此，黄曲霉毒素仍是当今世界一个持续且紧迫的问题。
