Auer Ulrike, Kelemen Zsofia, Engl Veronika, Jenner Florien
Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Equine Surgery Unit, University Equine Hospital, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Mar 17;11(3):850. doi: 10.3390/ani11030850.
Horses' behavior can provide valuable insight into their subjective state and is thus a good indicator of welfare. However, its complexity requires objective, quantifiable, and unambiguous evidence-based assessment criteria. As healthy, stress-free horses exhibit a highly repetitive daily routine, temporal quantification of their behavioral activities (time budget analysis) can assist in equine welfare assessment. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to provide an up-to-date analysis of equine time budget studies. A review of the literature yielded 12 papers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria: assessment of equine time budgets for eating, resting and movement for a minimum of 24 continuous hours. A total of 144 horses (1-27 years old), 59 semi-feral and 85 domesticated horses, are included in this review. The 24 h time budgets for foraging or eating (10-6.6%), resting (8.1-66%), lying (2.7-27.3%), and locomotion (0.015-19.1%) showed large variance between studies, which can largely be attributed to differences in age and environmental conditions. Management interventions in domesticated horses (ad libitum access to food, increased space, decreased population density) resulted in time budgets similar to their (semi-)feral conspecifics, emphasizing the importance of environmental conditions and the ability of time budgets to assist in monitoring horses' welfare.
马的行为能够为了解它们的主观状态提供有价值的见解，因此是福利状况的良好指标。然而，其行为的复杂性需要客观、可量化且明确的循证评估标准。由于健康、无压力的马表现出高度重复的日常行为模式，对其行为活动进行时间量化（时间分配分析）有助于评估马匹福利。因此，本系统综述旨在对马匹时间分配研究进行最新分析。文献综述得出12篇符合纳入标准的论文：对马进食、休息和运动的时间分配进行评估，且连续时间不少于24小时。本综述共纳入144匹马（年龄在1至27岁之间），其中59匹半野生马和85匹家养马。觅食或进食（10 - 6.6%）、休息（8.1 - 66%）、躺卧（2.7 - 27.3%）和运动（0.015 - 19.1%）的24小时时间分配在不同研究之间差异很大，这在很大程度上可归因于年龄和环境条件的差异。对家养马的管理干预措施（自由采食、增加空间、降低种群密度）导致其时间分配与（半）野生同类相似，这强调了环境条件的重要性以及时间分配在监测马匹福利方面的作用。
