Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy.
Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy.
Mar Drugs. 2021 Mar 18;19(3):160. doi: 10.3390/md19030160.
This study shows a pilot scale protocol aimed to obtain an omega 3-enriched oil after the processing of farmed gilthead sea bream viscera (SBV); this was oil was tested in vitro for bioactivity, attesting to the possibility to turn waste into profit The quality of the oil, in terms of requirements for animal and human consumption, was assessed by determining some chemical parameters, such as peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ρ-anisidine (ρ-AV) content, total oxidation value (TOTOX), and phospholipids and free fatty acid (%), both in crude viscera oil (CVO) and refined viscera oil (RVO). Among the extraction conditions, the higher CVO yields were obtained at 60 °C for 10 min (57.89%) and at 80 °C for 10 min (67.5%), and the resulting oxidation levels were low when utilizing both extraction conditions. RVO, obtained from CVO extracted at 60 °C, showed the highest quality on the basis of the assessed parameters. The ethyl esters of the total fatty acid (TFA) contents extracted from RVO were enriched in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction (PUFAE) up to almost 56% via short path distillation (SPD). Antioxidant activities and adipogenic properties were tested in vitro. PUFAE protected 3T3 L1 cells from oxidative stress and exerted an anti-adipogenic effect in pre-adipocytes, attesting to the beneficial properties for both farmed fish and human health. These results could stimulate the adoption of solutions aimed to recover and utilize aquaculture by-products at a higher scale, turning "waste into profit" and indicating a strategy to reach more sustainable business models in aquaculture resource utilization according to the principles of the circular economy.
本研究展示了一种中试规模的方案，旨在从养殖金头鲷内脏（SBV）加工后获得富含 ω-3 的油；该油在体外进行了生物活性测试，证明了将废物转化为利润的可能性。从动物和人类消费的要求的角度评估了油的质量，通过测定一些化学参数，如过氧化值（PV）、硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）、ρ-茴香胺（ρ-AV）含量、总氧化值（TOTOX）和磷脂和游离脂肪酸（%），无论是在粗内脏油（CVO）还是精制内脏油（RVO）中。在提取条件中，在 60°C 下提取 10 分钟（57.89%）和在 80°C 下提取 10 分钟（67.5%）获得了更高的 CVO 产率，并且利用这两种提取条件都得到了较低的氧化水平。从在 60°C 下提取的 CVO 获得的 RVO 是基于评估参数，质量最高。从 RVO 中提取的总脂肪酸（TFA）乙酯通过短程蒸馏（SPD）浓缩到ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAE）部分，含量高达近 56%。在体外测试了抗氧化和脂肪生成特性。PUFAE 可保护 3T3 L1 细胞免受氧化应激，并在预脂肪细胞中发挥抗脂肪生成作用，证明了这对养殖鱼类和人类健康都有益。这些结果可能会刺激采用旨在更大规模回收和利用水产养殖副产物的解决方案，将“废物转化为利润”，并根据循环经济的原则为水产养殖资源利用指明更可持续的商业模式的策略。
