Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
Mar Drugs. 2021 Apr 1;19(4):199. doi: 10.3390/md19040199.
The pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) technique was used, for the first time, to obtain protein extracts with antioxidant activity from side streams (muscle, heads, viscera, skin, and tailfins) of gilthead sea bream () in order to give added value to these underutilized matrices. Extraction conditions previously optimized for sea bass () side streams were applied. Protein recovery percentages were 22% (muscle), 33% (heads), 78% (viscera), 24% (skin), and 26% (tailfins), which represented an increase of 1.2-4.5-fold compared to control samples (extraction by stirring). The SDS-PAGE profiles revealed that PLE-assisted extraction influenced protein molecular weight distribution of the obtained extracts. PLE conditions also allowed increasing the antioxidant capacity measured by both Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC; 1.3-2.4 fold) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC; 1.9-6.4) assays for all fish extracts. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-qTOF-MS) were used to investigate the presence of toxic metals and mycotoxins in sea bream side streams. The levels of As, Hg, Cd, and Pb were below those established by authorities for fish muscle for human consumption (except for Cd in viscera samples). Through a nontargeted screening approach, no mycotoxins or related metabolites were detected for all sea bream side streams. This study contributes to the research on the valorization of fish processing side streams using environmentally friendly technology.
首次使用加压液体萃取（PLE）技术从金头鲷（）的侧流（肌肉、头部、内脏、皮肤和尾鳍）中获得具有抗氧化活性的蛋白质提取物，以使这些未充分利用的基质增值。应用了先前针对海鲈（）侧流优化的提取条件。蛋白质回收率分别为 22%（肌肉）、33%（头部）、78%（内脏）、24%（皮肤）和 26%（尾鳍），与对照样品（搅拌提取）相比增加了 1.2-4.5 倍。SDS-PAGE 图谱表明，PLE 辅助提取影响了所得提取物中蛋白质分子量分布。PLE 条件还允许通过 Trolox 等效抗氧化能力（TEAC；1.3-2.4 倍）和氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC；1.9-6.4）测定来增加所有鱼类提取物的抗氧化能力。电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）和高效液相色谱与电喷雾电离四极杆飞行时间质谱（LC-ESI-qTOF-MS）用于研究金头鲷侧流中有毒金属和霉菌毒素的存在。除内脏样品中的 Cd 外，As、Hg、Cd 和 Pb 的水平均低于当局规定的人类食用鱼肌肉的水平。通过非靶向筛选方法，所有金头鲷侧流均未检测到霉菌毒素或相关代谢物。本研究为使用环保技术对鱼类加工侧流进行增值提供了参考。
