Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 24;18(7):3337. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073337.
Parks can offer varied services to human well-being, including recreational services (RS); however, there is insufficient understanding of park differences concerning the actual performance of their varied RS. To fill this gap, this study aimed to develop a set of performance indicators as a tool for comparing the functional efficacy of RS among different parks. The indicators covered three aspects of RS: recreational usage of various physical activities, their recreational satisfaction level and the collective performance rating. These indicators were applied in a case study of four parks in Guangzhou, China, based upon on-site observation and a questionnaire survey. The functional difference of these indicators was compared and the collective indicator was found to be able to effectively capture different efficacies of urban parks in supporting varied RS. Results show all the parks were far from reaching the maximum performance of designed RS, so it is worthy of consideration by urban managers to further improve their RS efficacy. In addition, the overall spatial design and configuration were inferred to be essential for improving the RS efficacy of urban parks, but not park size nor ornamental vegetation. The findings offered valuable evidence for the optimal spatial design and management of urban parks.
公园可以为人类福祉提供多种服务，包括娱乐服务（RS）；然而，对于公园在提供各种 RS 方面的实际表现，人们的了解还不够充分。为了填补这一空白，本研究旨在开发一套绩效指标，作为比较不同公园 RS 功能效果的工具。该指标涵盖了 RS 的三个方面：各种体育活动的娱乐使用、娱乐满意度水平和集体绩效评级。这些指标在中国广州的四个公园进行了案例研究，基于现场观察和问卷调查。对这些指标的功能差异进行了比较，发现集体指标能够有效地捕捉城市公园在支持各种 RS 方面的不同效果。结果表明，所有公园都远未达到设计 RS 的最大性能，因此城市管理者值得考虑进一步提高其 RS 效果。此外，推断出整体空间设计和配置对于提高城市公园 RS 效果至关重要，但公园规模和观赏植被并非如此。研究结果为城市公园的最佳空间设计和管理提供了有价值的证据。
