Joseph Rodney P, Maddock Jay E
College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 282 SPH Administration Building, College Station, TX 77843-1266, USA.
Prev Med. 2016 Aug;89:257-277. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.016. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
This article reports the outcomes of a systematic review of observational park-based physical activity (PA) studies. Five electronic databases and the Active Living Research website were searched in July 2015 to identify relevant articles. Studies were included if they: a) reported observational data collected at outdoor park-based settings during free living conditions, b) reported results of a park audit, c) included PA as an outcome measure of the park audit, and d) were published after 1990 in English-language peer-review journals. Thirty-two articles, reporting outcomes of 26 unique studies, met inclusion criteria for review. Most studies (n=20, 87%) had cross-sectional or non-interventional study designs, while 6 (23%) employed quasi-experimental designs. Studies were predominately conducted in the U.S. (n=19, 76%). The median number of park users across studies was 4558 (Range=815 to 76,632). Approximately half (51%) of all park users were female. Eighty-one percent of studies (n=21) reported PA outcomes for individuals of all ages, while 4 studies (15%) reported PA outcomes for children only and 1 study (4%) for adults only. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of park users ranged from 31% to 85% (Median=55.0%). Studies conducted in the U.S. reported a slightly higher median number of park-users engaging in MVPA than those outside the U.S. (60.5% vs. 52.8%). Fifteen studies examined gender differences in MVPA. Among these, 12 (87%) reported more males engaging in MVPA than females. Results of this review highlight the need for innovative strategies to promote MVPA among park users and to increase park use among children.
本文报告了一项关于基于公园的身体活动（PA）观察性研究的系统评价结果。2015年7月检索了五个电子数据库和“积极生活研究”网站，以确定相关文章。纳入的研究需满足以下条件：a）报告在自由生活条件下户外公园环境中收集的观察性数据；b）报告公园审计结果；c）将身体活动作为公园审计的一项结果指标；d）1990年以后发表在英文同行评审期刊上。32篇文章报告了26项独特研究的结果，符合纳入综述的标准。大多数研究（n = 20，87%）采用横断面或非干预性研究设计，而6项（23%）采用准实验设计。研究主要在美国进行（n = 19，76%）。各研究中公园使用者的中位数为4558人（范围 = 815至76,632人）。所有公园使用者中约一半（51%）为女性。81%的研究（n = 21）报告了所有年龄段个体的身体活动结果，而4项研究（15%）仅报告了儿童的身体活动结果，1项研究（4%）仅报告了成年人的身体活动结果。公园使用者的中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）范围为31%至85%（中位数 = 55.0%）。在美国进行的研究报告，参与MVPA的公园使用者中位数略高于美国以外的研究（60.5%对52.8%）。15项研究考察了MVPA中的性别差异。其中，12项（87%）报告男性参与MVPA的人数多于女性。本综述结果强调需要创新策略来促进公园使用者的MVPA，并增加儿童对公园的使用。
