Santiago Krystle Angelique A, Edrada-Ebel RuAngelie, Dela Cruz Thomas Edison E, Cheow Yuen Lin, Ting Adeline Su Yien
School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Dahrul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
Tropical Medicine & Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Dahrul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Mar 4;10(3):191. doi: 10.3390/biology10030191.
Three species of the lichen ( (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Zahlbr. and Stirt.) and nine associated endolichenic fungi (ELF) were evaluated using a metabolomics approach. All investigated lichen crude extracts afforded antibacterial activity against (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.0625 mg/mL), but none was observed against , while the ELF extract was found to be the most active against (MIC: 2.5 mg/mL) and (MIC: 5 mg/mL). was fractionated and tested for to determine its antibacterial activity. Fractions XvFr1 to 5 displayed bioactivities against both test bacteria. Selected crude extracts and fractions were subjected to metabolomics analyses using high-resolution LC-MS. Multivariate analyses showed the presence of five secondary metabolites unique to bioactive fractions XvFr1 to 3, which were identified as responsible for the antibacterial activity of The -values of these metabolites were at the margin of significance level, with methyl xylariate C (P_60) being the most significant. However, their high variable importance of projection (VIP) scores (>5) suggest these metabolites are potential diagnostic metabolites for for "dual" bioactivity against and The statistical models also showed the distinctiveness of metabolites produced by lichens and ELF, thus supporting our hypotheses of ELF functionality similar to plant endophytes.
使用代谢组学方法对三种地衣((Stirt.) Zahlbr.、Zahlbr.和Stirt.)以及九种相关的内生地衣真菌(ELF)进行了评估。所有研究的地衣粗提物均对(最低抑菌浓度(MIC):0.0625毫克/毫升)具有抗菌活性,但对未观察到抗菌活性,而ELF提取物被发现对(MIC:2.5毫克/毫升)和(MIC:5毫克/毫升)最具活性。对进行了分离并测试其对的抗菌活性。组分XvFr1至5对两种测试细菌均显示出生物活性。使用高分辨率液相色谱-质谱联用仪对选定的粗提物和组分进行代谢组学分析。多变量分析表明,生物活性组分XvFr1至3特有的五种次生代谢产物的存在,这些次生代谢产物被确定为具有抗菌活性的原因。这些代谢产物的-值处于显著性水平的边缘,其中甲基木糖酸C(P_60)最为显著。然而,它们较高的投影变量重要性(VIP)得分(>5)表明这些代谢产物是对和具有“双重”生物活性的潜在诊断代谢产物。统计模型还显示了地衣和ELF产生的代谢产物的独特性,从而支持了我们关于ELF功能类似于植物内生菌的假设。