Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 23;22(6):3280. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063280.
Breast cancer is very heterogenous and the most common gynaecological cancer, with various factors affecting its development. While its impact on human lives and national health budgets is still rising in almost all global areas, many molecular mechanisms affecting its onset and development remain unclear. Conventional treatments still prove inadequate in some aspects, and appropriate molecular therapeutic targets are required for improved outcomes. Recent scientific interest has therefore focused on the non-coding RNAs roles in tumour development and their potential as therapeutic targets. These RNAs comprise the majority of the human transcript and their broad action mechanisms range from gene silencing to chromatin remodelling. Many non-coding RNAs also have altered expression in breast cancer cell lines and tissues, and this is often connected with increased proliferation, a degraded extracellular environment, and higher endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Herein, we summarise the known abnormalities in the function and expression of long non-coding RNAs, Piwi interacting RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs and small nuclear RNAs in breast cancer, and how these abnormalities affect the development of this deadly disease. Finally, the use of RNA interference to suppress breast cancer growth is summarised.
乳腺癌是一种非常异质性的最常见的妇科癌症，有多种因素影响其发展。尽管在几乎所有全球地区，它对人类生命和国家卫生预算的影响仍在上升，但许多影响其发病和发展的分子机制仍不清楚。传统的治疗方法在某些方面仍然证明是不够的，需要适当的分子治疗靶点以改善治疗效果。因此，最近的科学研究兴趣集中在非编码 RNA 在肿瘤发展中的作用及其作为治疗靶点的潜力。这些 RNA 构成了人类转录本的大部分，它们的广泛作用机制从基因沉默到染色质重塑。许多非编码 RNA 在乳腺癌细胞系和组织中的表达也发生了改变，这通常与增殖增加、细胞外环境恶化以及内皮到间充质转化增加有关。本文总结了长链非编码 RNA、Piwi 相互作用 RNA、小核仁 RNA 和小核 RNA 在乳腺癌中的功能和表达异常，以及这些异常如何影响这种致命疾病的发展。最后，总结了 RNA 干扰抑制乳腺癌生长的应用。
