Beňačka Roman, Szabóová Daniela, Guľašová Zuzana, Hertelyová Zdenka
Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University, 04011 Košice, Slovakia.
Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University, 04011 Košice, Slovakia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 26;26(1):127. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010127.
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer globally, and has recently become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. BC is a heterogeneous disease comprising various histopathological and molecular subtypes with differing levels of malignancy, and each patient has an individual prognosis. Etiology and pathogenesis are complex and involve a considerable number of genetic alterations and dozens of alterations in non-coding RNA expression. Non-coding RNAs are part of an abundant family of single-stranded RNA molecules acting as key regulators in DNA replication, mRNA processing and translation, cell differentiation, growth, and overall genomic stability. In the context of breast cancer, non-coding RNAs are involved in cell cycle control and tumor cell migration and invasion, as well as treatment resistance. Alterations in non-coding RNA expression may contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer, making them promising biomarkers and targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Currently, the use of non-coding RNAs has not yet been applied to routine practice; however, their potential has been very well studied. The present review is a literature overview of current knowledge and its objective is to delineate the function of diverse classes of non-coding RNAs in breast cancer, with a particular emphasis on their potential utility as diagnostic and prognostic markers or as therapeutic targets and tools.
乳腺癌（BC）是全球最常见的癌症形式之一，最近已成为女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。BC是一种异质性疾病，由各种组织病理学和分子亚型组成，恶性程度不同，每位患者的预后也各不相同。其病因和发病机制复杂，涉及大量基因改变以及数十种非编码RNA表达的改变。非编码RNA是丰富的单链RNA分子家族的一部分，在DNA复制、mRNA加工与翻译、细胞分化、生长以及整体基因组稳定性中起关键调节作用。在乳腺癌方面，非编码RNA参与细胞周期调控、肿瘤细胞迁移与侵袭以及治疗抗性。非编码RNA表达的改变可能有助于乳腺癌的发生和发展，使其成为有前景的生物标志物和新型治疗方法的靶点。目前，非编码RNA尚未应用于常规临床实践；然而，对其潜力已有深入研究。本综述是对当前知识的文献概述，目的是阐述不同类型非编码RNA在乳腺癌中的功能，特别强调它们作为诊断和预后标志物或治疗靶点及工具的潜在用途。
