School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Molecules. 2021 Mar 31;26(7):1966. doi: 10.3390/molecules26071966.
Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumors of gynecologic neoplasms in Western society. In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has increased, and it has become the third most common female gynecological cancer (after ovarian and cervical cancer) in Taiwan. Adlay ( L. var. Stapf.) has been demonstrated to have bioactive polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and essential nutrients for health benefits, including anticancer effects in humans. However, little is known about the effect of adlay seeds on endometrial cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the potential growth inhibitory effects of several adlay seed fractions, including ethyl acetate (ATE-EA) and its bioactive constituents, separately on endometrial cancer cells-HEC-1A (phosphatase and tensin homolog-positive) and RL95-2 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-negative)-and identify related active ingredients. In addition, the potential active fractions and the phytochemical compounds were elucidated. The results demonstrate superior activity of ATE-EA with significant in vitro cell proliferation inhibitory capacity, particularly its C.D.E.F-subfraction. Moreover, HPLC- and GC/FID-based quantification of ATE-EA subfractions showed that phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde), flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acid compounds exert anti-proliferative effects in the cell model. Finally, it was shown that cell growth and cell cycle arrest most significantly occurred in the in G1 or G2/M phase under ATE-EA treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrate an antiproliferative effect of ATE-EA on endometrial cancer cells that suggest a positive health outcome for women from consumption of these compounds.
子宫内膜癌是西方社会妇科肿瘤中最常见的恶性肿瘤。近年来，子宫内膜癌的发病率有所增加，已成为台湾地区第三大常见的女性妇科癌症（卵巢癌和宫颈癌之后）。薏苡（L. var. Stapf.）已被证明具有生物活性多酚、类黄酮、植物甾醇和对健康有益的基本营养素，包括在人类中的抗癌作用。然而，关于薏苡种子对子宫内膜癌的影响知之甚少。我们的研究旨在研究几种薏苡种子馏分的潜在生长抑制作用，包括乙酸乙酯（ATE-EA）及其生物活性成分，分别对子宫内膜癌细胞-HEC-1A（磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物阳性）和 RL95-2（磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物阴性）的影响，并鉴定相关的活性成分。此外，还阐明了潜在的活性馏分和植物化学化合物。结果表明 ATE-EA 具有优异的活性，具有显著的体外细胞增殖抑制能力，特别是其 C.D.E.F 亚馏分。此外，基于 HPLC 和 GC/FID 的 ATE-EA 亚馏分定量分析表明，酚类化合物（咖啡酸、原儿茶酸和对羟基苯甲醛）、类黄酮、甾体和脂肪酸化合物在细胞模型中发挥抗增殖作用。最后，结果表明，在 ATE-EA 处理下，细胞生长和细胞周期停滞最显著地发生在 G1 或 G2/M 期。总之，我们的结果表明 ATE-EA 对子宫内膜癌细胞具有增殖抑制作用，这表明女性食用这些化合物可能对健康有积极影响。
