Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan.
Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, 808 Sunakomi, Takizawa City, Iwate 020-0694, Japan.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Mar 5;12(3):371. doi: 10.3390/genes12030371.
Recent remarkable advances in genetic technologies have allowed for the identification of genetic factors potentially related to a predisposition to elite athletic performance. Most of these genetic variants seem to be implicated in musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary functions. Conversely, it remains unclear whether functions of the central nervous system (CNS) genetically contribute to elite athletic traits, although the CNS plays critical roles in exercise performance. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the emerging implications of CNS-related genes in the modulation of brain activities, including mental performance and motor-related traits, thereby potentially contributing to high levels of exercise performance. In this review, recent advances are summarized, and future research directions are discussed in regard to CNS-related genes with potential roles in a predisposition to elite athletic traits.
近年来，遗传技术的显著进步使得人们能够识别出可能与优秀运动员表现有关的遗传因素。这些遗传变异似乎大多与肌肉骨骼和心肺功能有关。相反，中枢神经系统（CNS）的功能是否对优秀运动员的特质有遗传贡献尚不清楚，尽管 CNS 在运动表现中起着至关重要的作用。越来越多的证据强调了与 CNS 相关的基因在调节大脑活动方面的新意义，包括心理表现和与运动相关的特征，从而可能有助于高水平的运动表现。在这篇综述中，总结了最近的进展，并讨论了与 CNS 相关的基因在优秀运动员特质的倾向中具有潜在作用的未来研究方向。
