Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcekiba, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 30;13(4):1132. doi: 10.3390/nu13041132.
Flavonoids are attracting increasing attention due to their antioxidant, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, little is known about their role in exercise performance in association with immune function. This systematic review firstly aimed to shed light on the ergogenic potential of flavonoids. A search strategy was run using SCOPUS database. The returned studies were screened by prespecified eligibility criteria, including intervention lasting at least one week and performance objectively quantified, among others. Fifty-one studies (54 articles) met the inclusion criteria, involving 1288 human subjects, either physically untrained or trained. Secondly, we aimed to associate these studies with the immune system status. Seventeen of the selected studies (18 articles) assessed changes in the immune system. The overall percentage of studies reporting an improved exercise performance following flavonoid supplementation was 37%, the proportion being 25% when considering quercetin, 28% for flavanol-enriched extracts, and 54% for anthocyanins-enriched extracts. From the studies reporting an enhanced performance, only two, using anthocyanin supplements, focused on the immune system and found certain anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids. These results suggest that flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, may exert beneficial effects for athletes' performances, although further studies are encouraged to establish the optimal dosage and to clarify their impact on immune status.
由于具有抗氧化、心脏保护和免疫调节特性，类黄酮越来越受到关注。然而，人们对其在与免疫功能相关的运动表现中的作用知之甚少。本系统评价首先旨在阐明类黄酮的促进作用潜力。使用 SCOPUS 数据库运行了搜索策略。通过预设的合格标准筛选返回的研究，包括持续至少一周的干预和客观量化的表现等。符合纳入标准的有 51 项研究（54 篇文章），涉及 1288 名未经训练或受过训练的人类受试者。其次，我们旨在将这些研究与免疫系统状态联系起来。在选定的 17 项研究（18 篇文章）中，有 17 项评估了免疫系统的变化。在补充类黄酮后报告运动表现改善的研究总体比例为 37%，当考虑槲皮素时，这一比例为 25%，富含黄烷醇的提取物为 28%，富含花青素的提取物为 54%。在报告性能提高的研究中，只有两项使用花青素补充剂，重点关注免疫系统，并发现这些类黄酮具有一定的抗炎作用。这些结果表明，类黄酮，尤其是花青素，可能对运动员的表现产生有益的影响，尽管鼓励进一步研究以确定最佳剂量并阐明它们对免疫状态的影响。
