Kim Bonglee, Park Ji-Eon, Im Eunji, Cho Yongmin, Lee Jinjoo, Lee Hyo-Jung, Sim Deok-Yong, Park Woon-Yi, Shim Bum-Sang, Kim Sung-Hoon
College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 30;22(7):3571. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073571.
Biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) containing polymers, lipids (liposomes and micelles), dendrimers, ferritin, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, ceramic, magnetic materials, and gold/silver have contributed to imaging diagnosis and targeted cancer therapy. However, only some NP drugs, including Doxil (liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin), Abraxane (albumin-bound paclitaxel), and Oncaspar (PEG-Asparaginase), have emerged on the pharmaceutical market to date. By contrast, several phytochemicals that were found to be effective in cultured cancer cells and animal studies have not shown significant efficacy in humans due to poor bioavailability and absorption, rapid clearance, resistance, and toxicity. Research to overcome these drawbacks by using phytochemical NPs remains in the early stages of clinical translation. Thus, in the current review, we discuss the progress in nanotechnology, research milestones, the molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals encapsulated in NPs, and clinical implications. Several challenges that must be overcome and future research perspectives are also described.
包含聚合物、脂质（脂质体和胶束）、树枝状大分子、铁蛋白、碳纳米管、量子点、陶瓷、磁性材料以及金/银的生物相容性纳米颗粒（NPs）对成像诊断和靶向癌症治疗有一定作用。然而，迄今为止，只有一些纳米颗粒药物，包括多柔比星脂质体（Doxil，脂质体包裹的多柔比星）、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇（Abraxane）和培门冬酶（Oncaspar，聚乙二醇化天冬酰胺酶）出现在药品市场上。相比之下，一些在培养癌细胞和动物研究中被发现有效的植物化学物质，由于生物利用度和吸收性差、清除快、耐药性以及毒性等原因，在人体中并未显示出显著疗效。利用植物化学物质纳米颗粒克服这些缺点的研究仍处于临床转化的早期阶段。因此，在本综述中，我们讨论了纳米技术的进展、研究里程碑、纳米颗粒包裹的植物化学物质的分子机制以及临床意义。还描述了一些必须克服的挑战和未来的研究前景。
