Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 12;22(6):2886. doi: 10.3390/ijms22062886.
A flexible and bioactive scaffold for adipose tissue engineering was fabricated and evaluated by dual nozzle three-dimensional printing. A highly elastic poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) copolymer, which acted as the main scaffolding, and human adipose tissue derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels were used as the printing inks to form the scaffolds. To prepare the three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, the PLCL co-polymer was printed with a hot melting extruder system while retaining its physical character, similar to adipose tissue, which is beneficial for regeneration. Moreover, to promote adipogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, adipose tissue-derived dECM was used. To optimize the printability of the hydrogel inks, a mixture of collagen type I and dECM hydrogels was used. Furthermore, we examined the adipose tissue formation and angiogenesis of the PLCL/dECM complex scaffold. From in vivo experiments, it was observed that the matured adipose-like tissue structures were abundant, and the number of matured capillaries was remarkably higher in the hydrogel-PLCL group than in the PLCL-only group. Moreover, a higher expression of M2 macrophages, which are known to be involved in the remodeling and regeneration of tissues, was detected in the hydrogel-PLCL group by immunofluorescence analysis. Based on these results, we suggest that our PLCL/dECM fabricated by a dual 3D printing system will be useful for the treatment of large volume fat tissue regeneration.
通过双喷嘴三维打印技术，制备并评价了一种用于脂肪组织工程的灵活且具有生物活性的支架。使用高度弹性的聚（L-丙交酯-co-ε-己内酯）（PLCL）共聚物作为主要支架，以及人脂肪组织来源的去细胞化细胞外基质（dECM）水凝胶作为打印墨水来形成支架。为了制备三维（3D）支架，使用热熔融挤出系统打印 PLCL 共聚物，同时保留其类似于脂肪组织的物理特性，这有利于再生。此外，为了促进成脂分化和血管生成，使用了脂肪组织来源的 dECM。为了优化水凝胶墨水的可打印性，使用了胶原 I 型和 dECM 水凝胶的混合物。此外，我们还研究了 PLCL/dECM 复合支架的脂肪组织形成和血管生成。从体内实验观察到，成熟的脂肪样组织结构丰富，水凝胶-PLCL 组中的成熟毛细血管数量明显高于 PLCL 组。此外，通过免疫荧光分析，在水凝胶-PLCL 组中检测到更多的 M2 巨噬细胞表达，已知 M2 巨噬细胞参与组织的重塑和再生。基于这些结果，我们认为我们通过双 3D 打印系统制备的 PLCL/dECM 将有助于治疗大容量脂肪组织再生。
