Kchaou Mohamed, Alquraish Mohammed, Abuhasel Khaled, Abdullah Ahmad, Ali Ashraf A
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 001, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 001, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Mar 16;13(6):916. doi: 10.3390/polym13060916.
Over the last twenty years, researchers have focused on the potential applications of electrospinning, especially its scalability and versatility. Specifically, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds are considered an emergent technology and a promising approach that can be applied to biosensing, drug delivery, soft and hard tissue repair and regeneration, and wound healing. Several parameters control the functional scaffolds, such as fiber geometrical characteristics and alignment, architecture, etc. As it is based on nanotechnology, the concept of this approach has shown a strong evolution in terms of the forms of the materials used (aerogels, microspheres, etc.), the incorporated microorganisms used to treat diseases (cells, proteins, nuclei acids, etc.), and the manufacturing process in relation to the control of adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of the mimetic nanofibers. However, several difficulties are still considered as huge challenges for scientists to overcome in relation to scaffolds design and properties (hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility) but also in relation to transferring biological nanofibers products into practical industrial use by way of a highly efficient bio-solution. In this article, the authors review current progress in the materials and processes used by the electrospinning technique to develop novel fibrous scaffolds with suitable design and that more closely mimic structure. A specific interest will be given to the use of this approach as an emergent technology for the treatment of bacteria and viruses such as COVID-19.
在过去二十年中，研究人员一直专注于静电纺丝的潜在应用，尤其是其可扩展性和多功能性。具体而言，静电纺丝纳米纤维支架被认为是一种新兴技术和有前景的方法，可应用于生物传感、药物递送、软硬组织修复与再生以及伤口愈合。有几个参数控制着功能性支架，如纤维的几何特征和排列、结构等。由于它基于纳米技术，这种方法的概念在所用材料的形式（气凝胶、微球等）、用于治疗疾病的掺入微生物（细胞、蛋白质、核酸等）以及与模拟纳米纤维的粘附、增殖和分化控制相关的制造过程方面都有了很大的发展。然而，在支架设计和性能（亲水性、生物降解性和生物相容性）方面，以及通过高效生物解决方案将生物纳米纤维产品转化为实际工业应用方面，仍有一些困难被认为是科学家需要克服的巨大挑战。在本文中，作者回顾了静电纺丝技术在开发具有合适设计且更紧密模仿结构的新型纤维支架时所使用的材料和工艺的当前进展。将特别关注这种方法作为治疗细菌和病毒（如新冠病毒）的新兴技术的应用。
